Post-tsunami changes in the littoral environment along the southeast coast of India

The 26th December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami devastated coastal regions of the Indian subcontinent. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, coastal stretches of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala were the most affected regions of India. Changes in the beach profiles, long shore currents, breaking wave characteristics in the surf zone at selected locations along the Tamil Nadu coast were studied during January, April, October 2005 and January 2006. Long shore sediment transport rates were estimated from the observed parameters. Studies were carried out earlier (1995-1996 and 1998) to understand the coastal environment over a one-year cycle in the study region. The post-tsunami observations were compared with the earlier studies to establish the variations in the littoral environment and to ascertain the normalcy of the littoral environment in the post-tsunami scenario. From the changes in the beach profiles, the shoreline was observed to recede by about 20m and built-up of backshore by about 0.5m at most locations. Observations from the field investigations and comparisons with earlier studies along this stretch of the coastline indicate that the coastline is yet to return completely to normalcy.     

合肥市城郊农业生态系统服务价值评价研究

合肥市是安徽省的省会,生态农业资源十分丰富。对合肥市城郊农业生态系统服务功能价值进行了定量评价,针对合肥市城郊农业生态系统现状,提出了可持续发展对策。     

城市扬尘污染长效管理机制研究

城市扬尘是影响空气质量、危害居民身体健康的污染源之一。本文进行了上海市杨浦区扬尘源解析,从类型上将扬尘分为建筑施工扬尘、道路施工扬尘和堆场扬尘。引用相关经验公式计算出杨浦区三类扬尘的起尘量大小顺序为：建筑施工〉道路施工〉堆场,并分析评价了杨浦区近两年扬尘排放量的时空变化。针对杨浦区的自身特点,以目标体系、标准体系、责任体系、管理体系、监督体系为框架,初步建立了扬尘污染管理的长效管理机制。     

天津港的发展与环保规划设想

阐述了天津港的发展前景，对港区环境质量现状和环保设施作了全面的调研，根据可持续发展的思想，提出了与天津港发展相应的环保规划设想。     

川中丘陵区土地资源的可持续利用——以乐至县为例

川中丘区是四川省粮食经济作物的主产区,土壤肥沃、耕地少、土地利用复杂。以乐至县为例,探讨了该县土地资源的可持续利用。     

Perceptions of disorder: Contributions of neighborhood characteristics to subjective perceptions of disorder

Theoretical explanations and empirical evidence of how disorder is perceived and its relation to independently observed measures of disorder are rare. In recent work, Sampson and Raudenbush [2004. Seeing disorder: Neighborhood stigma and the social construction of “Broken Windows”. Social Psychology Quarterly, 67(4), 319–342] investigated how individuals form perceptions of disorder and found that perceptions of disorder in Chicago neighborhoods are shaped not only by observable conditions of disorder, but also by neighborhoods’ racial and socioeconomic composition. In this paper, we investigate the bases for perceiving disorder with data from Baltimore using a methodology similar to that used by Sampson and Raudenbush (2004). Using surveys, systematic social observations, census data, and police records to investigate variations in individual perceptions of disorder at the individual and neighborhood levels, this study, consistent with the literature, finds that visual cues of disorder are not unambiguous and that perceptions of disorder are based not only on neighborhood observed disorder but also on individual characteristics of residents and neighborhood social structure. Additionally, our findings indicate that neighborhood poverty and not neighborhood racial composition affects perceptions of disorder in Baltimore. The fact that these findings are in contrast to the findings in Chicago suggests that the influence of racial segregation on perception of disorder is imbedded in the larger historical context.     

水样电导率干扰因素的排除实验

针对电导率观测过程中可能遇到的各种影响观测质量的因素进行分析和探讨,通过各种条件实验,指出排除这些干扰的具体方法,从而提高电导率的观测质量。     

套管环空压力恢复与泄压预测模型研究

针对气井套管环空带压问题,通过研究气体在套管水泥环内的渗流规律,建立了气体渗流的连续性方程和运动方程,并求解出气体在水泥环中的渗流速率。通过分析井口泄压时针型阀处的气体流动状态,得出泄压时的气体泄放速率。以气体渗流速率和泄放速率为基础,结合井口的气体状态方程,分别建立了套管环空压力恢复与泄压预测模型。根据现场A气井实际数据进行实例计算,研究结果表明:所建模型计算的套管环空压力值与现场实测数据吻合,验证了模型的准确性。研究结果对套管环空带压的诊断评估和环空压力的控制具有重要意义。     

建立资源节约型社会经济体系的初步构想

本文根据我国人口、资源、环境的现状提出了资源节约型社会经济体系的构想,着重论述了这种社会经济体系的总体框架、基本构想途径以及实现资源节约型社会经济体系所必须的观念转变和对策措施。     

Water Development Strategy as a Driving Force for Sustained Rangeland Management by Local Communities in Sub-Saharan Africa

Water is the major food component for the maintenance of animals. Although Africa is endowed with diverse agricultural environments, the survival of animals in Sahelian and sub-Sahelian Africa is threatened by the lack of water. Animals need water as an essential nutrient, a component of the body, and for conductive or evaporative cooling. Water needs are met mainly through drinking free water and to a lesser extent by utilising water that forms part of the feed. However during the long dry season, surface water resources dwindle and the water content of available forage decreases, thereby increasing the animals’ demand for water. Consequently animals have to walk for long distances to obtain adequate forage and water, which in turn raises the demand for these resources. Water can be used to direct and regulate rangeland management in this open access environment, to maintain range resources and to improve their quality. Water development, which takes into consideration usable forage, despite some intra- or inter-annual variability, plays an important role and its spatial distribution will affect the grazing intensity of forage resources. Sound water development and management strategies integrating local communities in the decision-making will set up a firm basis for sustained range management in the free and open access environment of sub-Saharan Africa where lack of financial input, social and cultural habits and above all the environmental condition do not permit large scale fencing as in other parts of the world.