烟草工业废弃物中提取氨基酸

以生产烟碱及茄尼醇后的烟叶废渣为原料,采用酸水解及活性炭脱色处理提取氨基酸,研究了酸水解中HCl用量、水解时间以及活性炭脱色处理中活性炭处理方式、pH、活性炭用量、脱色温度和脱色时间等因素对氨基酸收率和脱色率的影响。结果表明,最佳水解条件:以6 mol/L HCl溶液为水解液,在120℃、料液比1∶18条件下,水解12 h,所得水解液经以下工艺脱色处理:0.25%KOH处理活性炭、pH=10、活性炭用量为2.5%、脱色温度80℃、脱色40 min,所得产物氨基酸收率86.65%,脱色率达84.31%。     

Cotinine concentrations in follicular fluid as a measure of secondhand tobacco smoke exposure in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: inter-matrix comparisons with urine and temporal variability

We examined the relationship between cotinine measures in follicular fluid (FF) and urine to inform our exposure assessment strategy for an ongoing epidemiological study of secondhand tobacco smoke (STS) exposure and early pregnancy loss. Among subjects undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), we compared cotinine levels in paired urine and FF samples from the same women and examined FF cotinine levels over time. We found a weak rank-order relationship (Spearman r < 0.2) and poor agreement for classifying nonsmoking individuals as exposed to STS (sensitivity = 0.29-0.71; specificity = 0.35-0.72) between cotinine concentrations in FF and urine. We observed fair reliability (ICC = 0.42-0.52) in FF cotinine concentrations from women undergoing multiple IVF cycles. If available, FF cotinine concentrations may be desired as a biomarker of low-level tobacco smoke exposure over urinary cotinine in studies of early reproduction. Collection of multiple FF samples for cotinine analysis may be needed to accurately represent long-term STS exposure.     

湖北省主要植烟区土壤肥力状况及分析

2005年以来测土配方施肥项目获取了大量土壤数据,通过对湖北省2009和2010年所获取的植烟区土壤养分数据进行抽样分析,并划分以十堰为核心的环神农架、以恩施为核心的鄂西南、神农架及以襄阳、宜昌为核心的鄂西北4个烟区,分别探讨不同烟区、不同土壤类型植烟土壤养分丰缺状况。结果表明,目前湖北省烟区土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别为62、233 g/kg、1097 mg/kg、195 mg/kg和1236 mg/kg;569%的土壤pH适宜烟草生长,617%的土壤有机质含量在15～35 g/kg,土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾缺乏面积分别为481%、363%和574%;各养分元素在不同烟区的分布存在一定差异,土壤pH以鄂西南最低,有机质含量鄂西南及神农架烟区明显高于环神农架和鄂西北地区,土壤碱解氮、有效磷含量鄂西南明显高于其余3个烟区,而土壤速效钾含量又以鄂西南烟区最低;湖北省烟区90%以上土壤为黄棕壤、水稻土、黄壤、石灰土、紫色土和棕壤,其中棕壤肥力水平较高,紫色土有机质及碱解氮含量低,水稻土有效磷和速效钾含量低。本研究还说明,充分利用测土配方施肥项目的资料对土壤养分数据进行系统分析,可全面掌握区域性土壤肥力现状并能指导科学施肥     

基于大数据提升的烟叶种植环境优化下云产卷烟内在质量研究

传统卷烟内在质量的研究存在稳定性差、速度慢、准确率低等问题,为此设定评价指标对大数据提升的烟叶种植环境优化下云产卷烟内在质量进行研究.通过可视化分析来构建三维模型,实现卷烟内在质量在大数据环境下的立体呈现,经过收集、验证和修正阶段可构成卷烟内在质量评价指标的循环过程,并对指标内容进行了设计;建立质量监控预警体系,实现卷烟生产标准的制定与修改.经过实验参数设定与实验分析,得出结论.该指标具有稳定性强、评价时间快、召回率低、准确率高的优势,适合在大数据提升的烟叶种植环境优化下云产卷烟内在质量的研究.     

云南玉溪烟区轮作与连作土壤细菌群落多样性比较研究

为评价云南玉溪烟区轮作和连作对土壤细菌群落多样性影响,从土壤中直接提取土壤细菌总DNA,用细菌16S rDNA特异性引物进行PCR扩增和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE),每个处理样品3次重复,在DGGE图谱中相似性较高,基本聚在一起,从整体证明了试验操作方法较为精确.从泳道分析图可知,轮作土壤细菌群落各泳道条带数量13～29条不等,平均为21条.连作土壤细菌群落各泳道条带数量从4～20条不等,平均为12条.从每条泳道的条带数方面和光密度值分别进行细菌群落多样性各指标的比较,结果表明,轮作处理细菌群落丰富度指数均大于连作处理,轮作香农-威纳和辛普森指数(1/D)均大于连作,表明轮作微生物多样性较连作高,轮作方式可以提高植烟土壤细菌群落的多样性.     

关于“二手烟”污染危害性的探讨

烟草危害是当今世界最严重的公共卫生问题之一。目前全球共有11亿吸烟者,烟草每年造成的死亡估计为1000万人,每10秒就有一人死于“香烟”危害。如何减轻“二手烟”危害,关系着烟民的自身健康及社会环境的可持续健康发展。“二手烟”实际上由两种烟雾构成：一种是吸烟者呼出的烟雾称为主流烟;另一种是香烟燃烧时所产生的烟雾称为分流烟。吸“二手烟”比原先外界所知道的还要危险一些,与吸烟者共同生活的女性患肺癌的几率比常人多出6倍。为了孩子们的成长、为了那些素不相识的不吸烟者健康、更为了吸烟者自已,我们奉劝吸烟者要少抽或不抽香烟。     

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inoculation on arsenic (As) accumulation by tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

under As stress, proper mechanisms are employed by AM fungi to protect tobacco against As uptake. Results confirm that AM fungi can play an important role in food quality and safety.     

贵州烟区生态条件及烤烟质量状况分析

以贵州烟区气候、土壤等生态因素和烤烟外观、物理、化学及感官质量的数据资料为基础,分析了该区9大植烟区域生态条件及烟叶质量状况.结果表明,贵州烟区海拔高度差异悬殊,具有大田期气温适宜,降雨充沛,日照充足,空气相对湿度高等特点.植烟土壤pH值适宜,有机质含量丰富,具有较强的保肥能力;氮素、磷素含量适中,钾素则难以满足烟株需求;土壤交换性钙、镁比值适宜,有效硫含量较高;多数微量元素含量丰富.但有效硼和水溶性氯含量缺乏.烟叶外观质量较好,香型以中间香型和偏清香型为主,香味的亲和力好.燃烧性强,配伍性高,但物理特性和化学成分间的协调性与国外优质烟区相比尚有差距.     

Plant coexistence can enhance phytoextraction of cadmium by tobacco （Nicotiana tabacum L.） in contaminated soil

A mesocosm experiment was conducted to investigate whether plant coexistence affects cadmium (Cd) uptake by plant in contaminated soil.Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.var.K326) and Japanese clover (Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl.) were used.Cadmium was applied as 3CdSO 4 ·8H 2 O in solution at three levels (0,1,and 3 mg/kg soil) to simulate an unpolluted soil and soils that were slightly and moderately polluted with Cd.Tobacco (crop),Japanese clover (non-crop),and their combination were grown under each C...     

Smokeless tobacco extract impairs iron homeostasis in rats and human hepatoma,HepG2 cells

Tobacco exposure may alter homeostasis of iron (Fe), one of the most abundant and essential transition metals in the body. In this study, the effect of aqueous extract of smokeless tobacco was evaluated on Fe homeostasis in rats and human hepatoma, HepG2 cells. Our findings suggested that tobacco consumption even at low doses impairs Fe homeostasis leading to Fe deficiency anemia. Significant alterations were noted with respect to hematological parameters and expression patterns of selected intestinal Fe-transporters, Fe-binding proteins, and Fe-regulatory hormone, hepcidin. Impairment in the hepatic and renal antioxidant defense system was also observed in the treated rats. Histopathological studies revealed cirrhosis of liver and goblet cell hyperplasia of small intestine. Further, analysis of hepcidin promoter and its expression along with ferritin (expression and ELISA) in HepG2 cells demonstrated an enhanced expression of both the genes resulting in sequestration of Fe in treated cells, thus indicating systemic Fe deficiency.