稀土对沙田柚叶片营养和果实品质与产量的效应

试验结果表明,适量施用稀土可提高沙田柚树体对营养元素的吸收,促进养分平衡,从而可提高沙田柚座果率和产量,而且对柚果还有增糖降酸的效果。因此,适时适量施用稀土对提高沙田柚产量和品质均有积极的意义。     

Should tobacco products’ waste be considered as hazardous in India?

Tobacco and its associated products are known to be harmful for health. Moreover, the waste emanating out of the production, processing, packaging, and consumption of these products is equally harmful for humans as well as other biotic/abiotic agencies. Taking into account the toxic nature of these waste products, it is necessary to have a well-defined approach to deal with this waste. Consideration of tobacco products’ waste as municipal solid waste has serious implications in the long-term as it results in dumping of these wastes mixed-up with domestic waste in landfills. With time, toxic components become part of the leachate which contaminates water and soil, further leading to the contamination in food chain. Therefore, many countries are now considering this waste under the hazardous category and evolving various measures to safely dispose it off. In the light of recent researches and policies, it is time to re-consider this important public health issue.     

云南部分烟区替代进口烟叶烤烟种植的气候论证

基于云南部分植烟地、津巴布韦多年烟叶品质和气象数据,应用对比分析和系统聚类法研究了烤烟化学品质、评吸质量和致香物质含量与气象条件的关系。结果表明,烟叶5种化学品质类型对烤烟大田生长期气象条件的要求明显不同,烤烟成熟期气象要素对烟叶品质影响突出;烟叶主要化学品质指标、致香成分含量对评吸质量的影响既有一致性,也有差异性;云南烟区若大田生长中后期(尤其成熟期)日照偏少、雨量偏多,可引起某些主要化学成分含量比例失衡,降低多数致香物质成分含量,而有利于少数致香物质成分积累,从而导致烟叶评吸质量下降,尤其影响烟叶香气质和香气量评分。云南在气候上可出产类似津巴布韦优质烟叶的地域较少,宜在大田中后期日照较多、雨量偏少、气温适当较高的气候区中选择替代进口烟叶烤烟种植基地。     

Chemical analysis of tobacco cigarette for organochlorine insecticides and heavy metal composition

The effects of cigarette smoking on smokers and the environment were investigated by analyzing some cigarette brands available to Nigerian smokers for the presence of some of the widely used organochlorine (OC) pesticides and heavy metals. OC pesticide residues were extracted from tobacco smoke, separated and identified using column chromatographic and thin layer chromatographic techniques respectively, while ashed and unashed commercial cigarettes were analyzed for heavy metals – Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, and Co using atomic absorption spectrometry. TLC data indicated that dieldrin and p,p′-DDD were present in some of the cigarette brands. The results of heavy metal analysis showed that the levels of some toxic heavy metals and pollution index were higher in unashed cigarettes than corresponding ashes. Evidence suggests that significant amounts of these toxic metals are inhaled by the smoker and/or released into the environment in the process of cigarette smoking, thus confirming that cigarette smoking is harmful to the environment and human health.     

金柚系列专用肥的中试示范效果

报导了金柚专用肥的中试示范及其效果。示范试验的调查结果表明,在金柚花芽分化期施用金柚专用肥的壮梢促花肥有明显促进柚树花芽分化、保花保果、提高产量的作用,在稳果壮果期施用金柚专用肥的稳果壮果肥可使柚果品质明显提高,从而提高果园的经济效益。     

Ectopic expression of Arabidopsis ABC transporter MRP7 modifies cadmium root-to-shoot transport and accumulation

Arabidopsis MRPs/ABCCs have been shown to remove various organic and inorganic substrates from the cytosol to other subcellular compartments. Here we first demonstrate that heterologous expression of AtMRP7 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var. Xanthi) modifies cadmium accumulation, distribution and tolerance. Arabidopsis MRP7 was localized both in the tonoplast and in the plasma membrane when expressed in tobacco. Its overexpression increased tobacco Cd-tolerance and resulted in enhanced cadmium concentration in leaf vacuoles, indicating more efficient detoxification by means of vacuolar storage. Heterologous AtMRP7 expression also led to more efficient retention of Cd in roots, suggesting a contribution to the control of cadmium root-to-shoot translocation. The results underscore the use of AtMRP7 in plant genetic engineering to modify the heavy-metal accumulation pattern for a broad range of applications.     

宁南霉素防治烟草花叶病的研究

在我国四川省和云南省进行的总面积９０１．８６ｈｍ２多点防治试验、示范结果表明,农用抗生素宁南霉素对烟草花叶病的防治效果为６９．４％～９５．４％,平均增产效果为２６．１％,均优于目前推广防治烟草花叶病的植病灵、菌毒清和８３增抗剂,并可使烟叶的内在质量明显提高．在温室内施药间隔３～１０ｄ后,人工分别接种烟花叶病毒（ＴＭＶ）、黄瓜花叶病毒（ＣＭＶ）和马铃薯Ｙ病毒（ＰＹＶ）,实验表明,宁南霉素对烟花叶病毒（ＴＭＶ）和黄瓜花叶病毒（ＣＭＶ）所引起的烟草花叶病的防治效果高达９２．９％和９０．９％,对马铃薯Ｙ病毒（ＰＹＶ）引起的烟草花叶病的防治效果达５３．８％．     

模拟酸雨对龙眼叶绿体的伤害效应

龙眼叶绿体超氧化的歧化酶（SOD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（AsA-POD)活性，谷胱甘肽（GSH）和抗坏血酸含量（AsA)含量随酸雨的pH值下降而降低，膜脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）的含量则随酸雨的pH下降而增加。pH3.0的酸雨胁迫2h，SOD和AsA-POD活性，GSH和AsA含量有所增加，并随胁迫时间的延长而下降。pH3．5的酸雨处理使类整体膜崩解，叶绿体基粒片层结构混乱；pH3.0的酸雨处理的叶绿体片层结构伤害更为严重。图5图版2参21     

钾素营养对烤烟烟叶品质影响的研究进展

烟草是喜钾作物,增施钾肥可提高烟叶含钾量,提高烟叶的生理活性,提高烟叶内在品质,增加烤烟的抗逆性,提高产量及其质量,烟叶的含钾量直接影响烟叶的香气质、香气量、燃烧性和持火力等.     

拟南芥SHI基因在烟草中的表达和矮化、延迟开花的烟草植株的获得

利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)从拟南芥基因组DNA中克隆了拟南芥SHOTINTERNODS(SHI)基因,并进行了序列测定.以载体pBI121为基本骨架构建了SHI的植物表达载体,并导入根癌农杆菌EHA105.通过农杆菌介导的叶盘法将拟南芥SHI基因转入烟草.PCR和RT-PCR检测证明,拟南芥SHI基因已整合到烟草基因组中并得以表达,获得了矮化、延迟开花的烟草植株.图5参12