全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1891篇 |
免费 | 269篇 |
国内免费 | 839篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 77篇 |
废物处理 | 65篇 |
环保管理 | 276篇 |
综合类 | 1687篇 |
基础理论 | 305篇 |
污染及防治 | 232篇 |
评价与监测 | 258篇 |
社会与环境 | 91篇 |
灾害及防治 | 8篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 41篇 |
2022年 | 73篇 |
2021年 | 69篇 |
2020年 | 101篇 |
2019年 | 73篇 |
2018年 | 82篇 |
2017年 | 114篇 |
2016年 | 120篇 |
2015年 | 168篇 |
2014年 | 159篇 |
2013年 | 193篇 |
2012年 | 207篇 |
2011年 | 198篇 |
2010年 | 147篇 |
2009年 | 132篇 |
2008年 | 101篇 |
2007年 | 135篇 |
2006年 | 148篇 |
2005年 | 107篇 |
2004年 | 74篇 |
2003年 | 107篇 |
2002年 | 69篇 |
2001年 | 56篇 |
2000年 | 56篇 |
1999年 | 52篇 |
1998年 | 35篇 |
1997年 | 35篇 |
1996年 | 27篇 |
1995年 | 30篇 |
1994年 | 19篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2999条查询结果,搜索用时 500 毫秒
371.
Gerald Spindler Konrad Müller Hartmut Herrmann 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(2):89-94
Aerosol filter samples have been collected nearby the industrialised basin of Leipzig in Saxony (Germany) at the research station Melpitz of the Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. (IfT). Time series (1992–1998) and a three year comparison (1995–1997) of two different aerosol filter sampling systems, the Sierra-Andersen-PM 10 high volume sampler (daily sample, PM 10 inlet) and the Rupprecht and Patashnik Co. Inc. Model Partisol 2000 (weekly sample, PM 10 and PM 2.5 inlet) are presented and discussed. The comparison of the different sampling systems and strategies yields small differences between the daily and weekly samples for mass and different ions, which may be influenced by sampling duration and flow rates. A general trend of change in aerosol composition was observed: Soot and Sulphate concentrations decreased whereas Nitrate and Ammonium concentrations increased. During summers the mass of coarse particles is higher than in other seasons. One reason could be found in the occurence of longer periods of dry ground surfaces enabling reemission of crustal and biological material. The time series have been integrated in a longer historical aerosol mass trend for Saxony and do show a good agreement. Since 1990 a significant downward trend in gravimetric mass concentration was found. 相似文献
372.
An overview of the application of organic geochemistry to the analysis of organic matter on aerosol particles is presented
here. This organic matter is analyzed as solvent extractable bitumen/ lipids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The
organic geochemical approach assesses the origin, the environmental history and the nature of secondary products of organic
matter by using the data derived from specific molecular analyses. Evaluations of production and fluxes, with cross-correlations
can thus be made by the application of the same separation and analytical procedures to samples from point source emissions
and the ambient atmosphere. This will be illustrated here with typical examples from the ambient atmosphere (aerosol particles)
and from emissions of biomass burning (smoke).
Organic matter in aerosols is derived from two major sources and is admixed depending on the geographic relief of the air
shed. These sources are biogenic detritus (e.g., plant wax, microbes, etc.) and anthropogenic particle emissions (e.g., oils,
soot, synthetics, etc.). Both biogenic detritus and some of the anthropogenic particle emissions contain organic materials
which have unique and distinguishable compound distribution patterns (C14-C40). Microbial and vascular plant lipids are the dominant biogenic residues and petroleum hydrocarbons, with lesser amounts
of the pyrogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and synthetics (e.g., chlorinated compounds), are the major anthropogenic
residues.
Biomass combustion is another important primary source of particles injected into the global atmosphere. It contributes many
trace substances which are reactants in atmospheric chemistry and soot paniculate matter with adsorbed biomarker compounds,
most of which are unknown chemical structures. The injection of natural product organic compounds into smoke occurs primarily
by direct volatilization/steam stripping and by thermal alteration based on combustion temperature. Although the molecular
composition of organic matter in smoke particles is highly variable, the molecular tracers are generally still source specific.
Retene has been utilized as a tracer for conifer smoke in urban aerosols, but is not always detectable. Dehydroabietic acid
is generally more concentrated in the atmosphere from the same emission sources. Degradation products from biopolymers (e.g.,
levoglucosan from cellulose) are also excellent tracers. An overview of the biomarker compositions of biomass smoke types
is presented here. Defining additional tracers of thermally-altered and directly-emitted natural products in smoke aids the
assessment of the organic matter type and input from biomass combustion to aerosols. The precursor to product approach of
compound characterization by organic geochemistry can be applied successfully to provide tracers for studying the chemistry
and dispersion of ambient aerosols and smoke plumes.
Presented at the 6th FECS Conference on Chemistry and the Environment, Atmospheric Chemistry and Air Pollution, August 26–28,
1998, Copenhagen. 相似文献
373.
374.
北京市大气细颗粒物对Balb/c 3T3细胞周期的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了北京市大气细颗粒物有机提取物 (EOC)对Balb c 3T3细胞周期及调节因子的影响 .实验发现 116 μg mL细颗粒物EOC即有明显的细胞毒性 ,抑制细胞生长 ,并存在剂量 反应关系 ,IC50 为 4 0 2 2 μg mL ;流式细胞仪分析显示 136 6 μg mLPM2 5EOC可造成细胞周期改变 ,G0 G1期、G2 M期细胞分布增加 ,分别为 16 2 4 % (P <0 0 1)与 3 17% (P <0 0 5 ) ,S期细胞分布减少 2 0 4 % (P <0 0 1) ,并伴有P5 3含量的增加 ;4 0 9 8、4 78 1μg mL的PM2 5EOC可诱导Balb c3T3细胞凋亡 .提示PM2 5有机提取物可能通过P5 3途径引起Balb c 3T3细胞周期阻滞 ,并诱导细胞凋亡 . 相似文献
375.
冬季降雪过程对城市大气气态汞污染的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
2009年降雪和非降雪期间对北京西北城区的气态总汞浓度进行了连续采样,比较了降雪期间、非降雪期间的气态总汞浓度日变化过程;降雪期间气态总汞浓度的降低和恢复过程。结果表明,降雪和非降雪期间大气气态总汞浓度的日均值有显著差异,降雪期间气态总汞的平均浓度为5.64ng·m^-3,非降雪期间的平均浓度为7.43ng·m^-3,前者约为后者的70%。降雪后约7h气态总汞浓度恢复到降雪前水平。研究中分析了气象因素(气压、风速、阵风速度、气温和相对湿度)对于气态总汞浓度的影响,结果表明:降雪期间主要受到风速(r=-0.527)和阵风速度(r=-0.574)的影响;非降雪期间主要受到风速(r=-0.691),阵风速度(r=-0.726)和相对湿度(r=0.692)的影响,并且相对湿度的影响与风速的影响相近。降雪和非降雪期间气态总汞的日变化有所差异:非降雪期间气态总汞浓度在午夜和清晨较高,日变化趋势与相对湿度一致;降雪期间气态总汞的日变化没有明显规律。 相似文献
376.
ISAPEC中知识自动获取的设计与实现 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
剖析了利用人工神经网络实现大气污染总量控制规划智能决策支持系统(ISAPEC)中知识自动获取的必要性,论述了ISAPEC中知识的自动获取的设计与实现过程,并用一实例进行了验证。结果表明用人工神经网络实现知识的自动获取与知识的人工获取相比既具有更高的时间效率,又能保证更高的质量。 相似文献
377.
松花江沉积物汞的新变化:分布、演化与现状及潜在生态风险评估 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
分析了第二松花江中下游和松花江干流表层沉积物中总汞的含量水平和分布规律,同期采集了牡丹江、黑龙江沉积物作为对照,并采用地累积指数法以及潜在生态风险指数法,初步评价了松花江沉积物中汞的污染状况和潜在的生态风险.结果表明,松花江10个断面沉积物总汞含量范围0.029~1.317 mg·kg~(-1),均值0.183 mg·kg~(-1).第二松花江3个典型断面沉积物总汞含量均显著高于松花江干流的7个典型断面(P0.05).地累积指数(Igeo)及潜在生态风险指数(Er)表明第二松花江3个典型断面沉积物汞污染程度为偏中度至重度污染,存在高度生态风险;松花江干流7个典型断面为轻度污染,具有较高生态风险.近10年松花江沉积物汞含量变化及空间分布结果显示,现阶段第二松花江沉积物汞含量有所下降,但松花江干流个别江段沉积物汞含量有所上升,应引起重视. 相似文献
378.
The concern related to the drinking of reverse osmosis (RO) water containing low levels of minerals is growing day by day. This study involves the analysis of water samples from various drinking water sources in a rural site, Mirchpur village, an Indus Valley civilization site (grid location: 29° 18′ 42.3″ N, 76° 10′ 33.0″ E) of Hisar, India, along with the health survey of human subjects. The hydrochemistry of water collected from hand pumps, river canals, tube wells, submersibles, and the RO systems installed in various homes was explored for pH, EC, TH, TDS, turbidity, cations (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+), anions (CO32−, HCO3−, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, F−), and elements (Fe, Pb, Se) employing the ion chromatography, flame photometry, and ICP-AES techniques. Lead (Pb) and Selenium (Se) were detected in trace amounts (0.30–2.6 μg L−1; 0.10–4.1 μg L−1, respectively) in all the samples, including the samples collected from RO purifiers, but Iron (Fe) was not detected in RO samples even in trace amounts. The F-levels in hand pump water (HPW) and submersible water (SW) (1.9 and 1.7 mg L−1, respectively) and TDS levels in SW (3048 mg L−1) were found to be above WHO and BIS safe limits. TDS levels in the river canal (900 mg L−1), tube well (1104 mg L−1), hand pump (1170 mg L−1), and submersible samples (3048 mg L−1) were found significantly higher as compared to the RO personal water (ROPW; 216 mg L−1) and RO supply water (ROSW; 90 mg L−1). The collected epidemiological data reveals that 21%, 19%, 13%, and 12% of natives reported skin, kidney, hair fall, liver, and stomach issues, respectively, suspecting the crucial role of high TDS and fluoride levels in the area. This study also provides a comparison between the quality of RO and the direct supply water, along with correlation matrices for different parameters, which gives a rationale for the limitations of drinking direct supply water without any purification and RO water containing low mineral content. 相似文献
379.
380.
对太湖不同生态型湖区水体悬浮颗粒物含量,有机磷组成及降解特征进行分析,研究了富营养化湖泊颗粒磷性质及其对水体磷循环的影响.太湖颗粒P平均占水体TP浓度的75.86%;不同生态类型湖区间颗粒物性质差异明显,河口区和湖心区的颗粒物含量高于藻型湖区和草型湖区,但颗粒物有机质比例分布却相反.利用31P液相核磁共振法(31P-NMR)发现太湖悬浮颗粒P的成分包括膦酸酯,正磷酸盐,磷酸单酯,磷酸二酯,焦磷酸盐和多聚磷酸盐6类,含量分别为1.06%,50.99%,33.02%,2.48%,10.68%和3.80%.不同生态型湖区之间颗粒P组成差异明显,河口区正磷酸盐含量最高,达到82.57%,藻型湖区和湖心区颗粒有机磷比例最高,分别达到达到 64.02%和63.95%;颗粒物焦磷酸盐和多聚磷酸盐可能以藻源性颗粒物来源为分别与Chla浓度呈显著相关(P<0.05; P<0.01).颗粒态生物可利用性磷(PEHP)与正磷酸盐显著相关(P<0.05),说明颗粒物正磷酸盐是颗粒物生物可利用性磷的重要来源.太湖PEHP降解速率平均为47.3min,PEHP占水体生物可利用磷(EHP)的65.16%,说明颗粒P是水体溶解性反应磷(SRP)补充的重要来源. 相似文献