天津市颗粒物中元素化学特征及来源

2006年的8月—12月采集天津市PM2.5和PM10样品,分析了Na、Al等17种元素质量浓度及月变化特征,PM2.5中元素平均质量浓度为17.2μg/m3,占PM2.5的10.3%。微量元素Zn、Pb在PM10和PM2.5中含量较高,Cr、V、Ni、As等则在细粒子中有明显分布。用富集因子法分析发现,PM2.5中元素富集程度高于PM10。地壳元素除Ca外,均无明显富集,微量元素则呈现不同程度的富集,以Cd富集最为明显。颗粒物分析表明,土壤尘、燃煤、机动车尾气及化工行业是PM2.5中无机元素的主要来源。     

凯氏法测定土壤全氮的方法改进

采用凯氏法测定土壤全氮对9种不同类型的土壤进行测定,通过实验比较不同的还原剂、氧化剂和催化剂,发现以五水合硫代硫酸钠做还原剂,以硫酸为主要氧化剂,以K2SO4＋CuSO4＋TiO2做催化剂,具有操作简便、省时、无污染的优点。该方法加标回收率82.5%～96.0%,标样测试相对误差1.4%,精密度1.9%～10.8%,检出限14mg/kg。     

浅谈新疆“十二五”畜禽养殖业主要污染物的减排

结合主要污染物"十二五"总量控制规划编制工作经验,对新疆畜禽养殖业主要污染物的减排潜力及途径进行分析,宏观测算出新疆畜禽养殖业"十二五"期间的减排潜力,并提出新疆畜禽养殖业的减排途径及方法,为新疆主要污染物"十二五"减排工作提供合理化建议。     

新疆三地区总悬浮颗粒(TSP)中单颗粒的微观形貌特征

用扫描电镜/X射线衍射能谱(SEM/EDX)对喀什地区、乌鲁木齐市米东区、和田地区的总悬浮颗粒(TSP)的单个颗粒进行了形貌观察。经分析得出:喀什地区颗粒物无规则形为34%,片状为54%;和田地区的颗粒物片状为80%,球形为12%;乌鲁木齐市米东区的颗粒物均匀球形蜂窝聚集态为90%。对此作来源解析可以认为:乌鲁木齐市米东区的TSP主要来源是燃烧排放的飞灰及在大气中形成的二次粒子居多,而喀什地区及和田地区的TSP主要来源为土壤及矿物颗粒灰尘。     

水中总氮快速测定实验方法研究

针对现行总氮标准测定方法存在的操作繁琐、耗时长等缺点,采用COD消解加热器消解代替原标准方法中的高温高压消解步骤,以简化实验步骤、缩短用时,建立快速测定水中总氮的分析方法.通过对本方法进行平行实验、加标回收实验以及与标准方法的对比实验等分析实验结果,方法的线性范围为0 ～ 4.00 mg/L,平均加标回收率是102.3％,标样平行实验的相对标准偏差是1.05％,准确度、精确度和回收率均达到标准要求,方法具有一定的推广价值.     

Effectiveness of HVAC Duct Cleaning Procedures in Improving Indoor Air Quality

Indoor air quality has become one of the most seriousenvironmental concerns as an average person spends about 22 hrindoors on a daily basis. The study reported in this article, wasconducted to determine the effectiveness of three commercialHVAC (Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning) duct cleaning processes in reducing the level of airborne particulate matterand viable bioaerosols. The three HVAC sanitation processeswere: (1) Contact method (use of conventional vacuum cleaning ofinterior duct surfaces); (2) Air sweep method (use of compressedair to dislodging dirt and debris); (3) Rotary brush method(insertion of a rotary brush into the ductwork to agitate anddislodge the debris). Effectiveness of these sanitationprocesses was evaluated in terms of airborne particulate andviable bioaerosol concentrations in residential homes. Eightidentical homes were selected in the same neighborhood. Twohomes were cleaned using each procedure and two were used ascontrols. It was found that both particle count readings andbioaerosol concentrations were higher when cleaning was beingperformed than before or after cleaning, which suggests thatdirt, debris and other pollutants may become airborne as aresult of disturbances caused by the cleaning processes.Particle count readings at 0.3 micron size were found to haveincreased due to cigarette smoking. Particle counts at 1.0micron size were reduced due to HVAC duct cleaning. Post-levelbioaerosol concentrations, taken two days after cleaning, werefound to be lower than the pre-level concentrations suggestingthat the cleaning procedures were effective to some extent.Homes cleaned with the Air Sweep procedure showed the highestdegree of reduction in bioaerosol concentration among the threeprocedures investigated.     

发展我国大气颗粒物标准样品的国际经验和建议

介绍了国内外大气颗粒物标准样品体系构成及制备技术,分析了我国大气颗粒物标准样品存在的种类和目标组分单一、研制技术薄弱等问题。在借鉴国外发展经验和考虑我国需求和研究能力的基础上,提出了拓宽大气颗粒物标准样品基质和污染物种类、完善标准样品体系、加强合作与科研投入、逐步攻克研制技术难点等对策和建议。     

利用悬浮填料附着生物膜同步去除碳氮磷

采用移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）处理配制模拟废水,实验结果表明,水力停留时间为6h、悬浮填料填充率为40％时,在不同C／N／P比率条件下,MBBR对COD、NH4＋-N和TN去除性能好且稳定,平均去除率分别达到90％、94．8％和62．39％以上,而TP的去除率受C／N／P值影响较大,当C／N／P的比值为100／10／1．8时,平均去除率达到58．03％。一定的溶解氧（DO）质量浓度能保证反应器中COD、NH4-N高效稳定的去除,同时是TN和TP同时去除的重要影响因素,在MBBR中最佳DO值约为3mg／L。由于附着在悬浮填料生物膜内部存在厌氧、缺氧微环境条件,在反应器中存在少量的反硝化聚磷菌。     

包容性增长测度及影响因素分析——基于经济可持续的视角

从经济增长的可持续性出发,测度出1998-2009年经济增长的可持续包容度,发现中国经济的包容度处于基本包容状态,具体而言,工业化中期形成的高投资、高消耗的增长模式使得能源消耗与环境污染压力日益严重,这些都阻碍了可持续包容度的提高。另一方面,国际金融危机的影响导致投资拉动型特征更加明显,再次使得可持续包容度呈现下降趋势。从区域差异来看,中国东部、中部、西部三大区域的可持续包容度依次递减。在此基础上构建动态面板数据,通过系统广义矩估计方法实证分析了可持续包容度的影响因素,结论表明从影响经济增长的可持续包容度的角度来看,更高的的研发投入水平和完善的基础设施有利于包容性增长的实现;能源使用效率的低下则阻碍了包容性增长;市场化程度与FDI对包容度的影响不明确;经济发展水平则与包容度之间具有显著的U型关系。由此,相应的政策建议是要提高可持续包容,可以加强研发投入力度,降低能源消耗,提高市场化程度,并根据各地区不同发展阶段采取不同的发展战略。     

Design and development of novel insect growth regulators: Synthesis,characterization and effect of benzoyl thymyl thioureas and ureas on total haemocyte count of Dysdercus koenigii

Insect-growth regulators (IGRs) have been receiving foremost attention as potential means of selective insect control. Benzoyl phenyl urea (BPU) is a well-known IGR having chitin synthesis inhibitor activity. Mimics of BPU have been synthesized by suitable derivatization of a naturally occurring monoterpenoid, thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methyl phenol) to form a = series of substituted benzoyl thymyl thioureas (BTTUs) [IVa-f] and benzoyl thymyl ureas (BTUs) [Va-f]. The synthesized compounds have been characterized by ¹H and ¹³C NMR, LC-MS and elemental analysis. These derivatives have been screened for their effect on total haemocyte count of Dysdercus koenigii. It has been observed that the introduction of substituted benzoyl thiourea and urea linkage into a thymol ring via an amino group results in higher activity than the parent compound thymol and a comparable pattern of results with the standard insect-growth regulators, Penfluron. Urea [Va-f] compounds exhibited greater effect on Total Haemocyte Count (THC) than thiourea [IVa-f]. Fluoro substitution enhanced the effect on THC more than chloro substituted compounds, while ortho-substitution resulted in a better effect than para-substitution. The results described in this paper are promising and provide new array of synthetic chemicals that may be utilized as insect growth regulators.