广州市大气TSP浓度变化及其与气象因子的关系

利用实地监测大气TSP浓度和局地气象数据,研究了2005年至2006年广州市不同功能区大气TSP浓度变化及其与气象因子的关系。结果表明,工业区大气TSP月平均浓度0.273mg/m3最高,显著高于交通繁忙区的0.207mg/m3;极显著高于商业区的0.180mg/m3、社区的0.155mg/m3和对照郊区的0.142mg/m3。研究显示,广州市大气TSP污染仍然比较严重。广州市大气TSP浓度与降雨呈现负相关性,与温度呈极显著的负相关性,与相对湿度呈显著的负相关性,与风速呈负相关性,与风向的相关性不明显。各功能区大气TSP浓度与局地气象因子也存在类似的规律。     

水力坡度对溪流钙华沉积的影响

在有钙华沉积的云南白水台景区引水渠道中,通过水准测量以及导线测量的方法,获得了引水渠道各研究点的相对高程和距离。利用流速仪测定了各研究点的水流流速,通过计算获得了各研究点的总水头和水力坡度。利用水化学记录仪,在短时间内测定了各研究点的电导率、水温与pH值,结合现场滴定以及室内水样分析的结果,计算出各点的方解石饱和指数和二氧化碳分压。发现在方解石饱和指数大于0.8的研究渠段,电导率、Ca2+和HCO3-浓度沿水流方向降低,经成因分析与数学推导,得出Ca2+浓度与总水头呈线性关系,水力坡度与渠段上的钙华沉积量也呈线性关系,这是岩溶作用动力学扩散边界层控制理论的具体体现,也即水力坡度越大,流速越快,扩散边界层越薄,碳酸钙沉积速率越大。     

衰减全反射红外光度法测定油含量的研究

介绍了衰减全反射红外光度法的基本原理以及计算该方法的定量分析依据一衰势波穿透深度。利用该方法测定系列样品的吸光度,绘制出标准曲线（相关系数r=0．99）,以测定四氯化碳中未知混合油含量,并与透射红外光度法比较。结果表明：该法可做为国标法的参考方法。     

滇池水体总悬浮物散射系数参数化模型

总悬浮物的散射系数是水体非常重要的固有光学量之一,散射系数的参数化研究,对于水体生物光学模型的构建具有非常重要的意义.2009年9月对滇池水体25个样点进行野外采样,对滇池水体水质参数、悬浮物的吸收、散射特征进行分析,并利用乘幂模型对散射系数进行参数化,分析了模型精度与色素颗粒物吸收之间的关系,进而改进乘幂模型.结果表明,在色素颗粒物吸收较强的波段,普通乘幂模型的平均相对误差为0.08,模型改进后相对误差缩小为0.02;在色素颗粒物吸收较弱的波段,会出现模型的过修正,这主要取决于色素颗粒物的吸收,因此,没有必要对乘幂模型进行修正.     

Modeling of secondary treated wastewater disinfection by UV irradiation: Effects of suspended solids content

This work aimed to study UV-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to propose a formulation of the kinetics of secondary treated wastewater disinfection and to underline the influence of suspended solids on the inactivation kinetics of these strains. Some investigations were carried out for the validation of some simulation models, from the simplest, the kinetics model of Chick-Watson reduced to first order, to rather complex models such as multi-kinetic and Collins-Selleck models. Results revealed that the involved processes of UV irradiation were too complex to be approached by a simplified formulation, even in the case of specific strains of microorganisms and the use of nearly constant UV radiation intensity. In fact, the application of Chick-Watson model in its original form is not representative of the kinetics of UV disinfection. Modification, taking into account the speed change during the disinfection process, has not significantly improved results. On the other hand, the application of Collins-Selleck model demonstrates that it was necessary to exceed a least dose of critical radiation to start the process of inactivation. To better explain the process of inactivation, we have assumed that the action of disinfectant on the survival of lonely microorganisms is faster than its action on suspended solids protected or agglomerated to each others. We can assume in this case the existence of two inactivation kinetics during the processes (parallel and independent) of the first-order. For this reason, the application of a new kinetic model by introducing a third factor reflecting the influence of suspended solids in water on disinfection kinetics appeared to be determinant for modeling UV inactivation of P. aeruginosa in secondary treated wastewater.     

Distribution of mercury in di erent environmental compartments in the aquatic ecosystem of the coastal zone of the Southern Baltic Sea

The aim of this study was to characterize mercury (Hg) contamination in the coastal waters of the Southern Baltic Sea, and to investigate transformations of Hg in the initial links of the marine food chain. Concentrations of Hg in water, particulate matter, plankton and macrophytes at various stations in the coastal zone (a bay with restricted water exchange, near an industrial city, river mouths, and the open sea) were measured in 2006–2008. Hg concentrations observed in the Southern Baltic varied greatly, showing the highest average values in all environmental compartments near the river mouths. In shallow, sheltered parts of the gulf, where water exchange is restricted, Hg concentrations in the water and in macrophytes were elevated relative to those in the coastal zone of the deeper part of the bay and in the open Baltic. Distance to the river mouth, terrestrial runo , and quantity and quality of organic matter were more important than seasonal variations in controlling Hg and HgSPM concentrations in water samples. Mercury concentrations in the surface microlayer at the air/sea interface were over 10 times higher than those in the bulk surface water. Concentrations of Hg in macrophytes in the winter were significantly higher than those in the warm seasons (spring, summer, autumn). This was probably the combined e ect of higher availability of Hg in porewaters and leaf growth inhibition.     

青海湖流域六类土壤表土有机碳黑碳含量特征及其储量

根据青海湖流域土壤类型图采集了49 个表土样品,研究了这些样品的有机碳和黑碳的 含量特征及其储量。研究得出：六类土壤的有机碳含量都比较高,说明青海湖流域土壤的储碳能 力比较强;总体来说,六类土壤的黑碳含量都不高,但是焦炭的含量是相当高的,而烟炱的含量 较低;焦炭和黑碳的相关性极高,说明焦炭是黑碳的主要组成部分,并且说明二者具有相同的来 源;由于焦炭主要是由生物质燃烧生成的,故而这六类土壤的黑碳也多是由生物质燃烧生成的; 六类土壤总面积为18416.15 km² （占流域土壤总面积的78%）,有机碳总储量为119.56×106 t, 黑碳总储量为4.36×106 t。     

异龙湖湖周鱼塘排水污染物排放总量研究

在进行现场调查的基础上,对异龙湖湖周的鱼塘排水水量进行估算,并在鱼塘排水前采集鱼塘水样进行监测分析,确定异龙湖湖周鱼塘的主要污染物浓度,计算异龙湖湖周鱼塘排水污染物排放总量。     

邻菲哕啉分光光度法测定水中总铁的改进

对邻菲哕啉分光光度法测定水中总铁的方法进行了改进：采用50ml比色管水浴还原水样--分光光度计比色测定水中总铁。测试结果表明,改进法精密度和准确度均优于标准方法,是测定水中总铁较为理想的方法     

大气污染总量控制GA方法中的多源模拟系统

大气污染总量控制的GA方法,是利用遗传算法(GA)的自适应全局搜索寻优功能,通过模拟的自然进化机制来求算经过全局优化的区域允许排放总量以及区域允许排放总量在区域内各污染源之间的分配方案的一种新的大气污染总量控制方法。在基于遗传算法的大气污染总量控制中,需要运用一个高效而可靠的大气污染多源模拟系统,以便根据源强分布快速计算出准确的浓度场。文章介绍了该大气污染多源模拟系统的设计与实现技术。