关于总量减排监测体系考核的思考

以建设总量减排监测体系为立足点,以污染源监督性监测为切入点,对照监测体系建设所需依据的各个原则,全面、有重点地提出考核内容及具体考核指标并提出注意事项,旨在建立一套严格的、操作性强并符合实际的考核指标以推动监测体系的建设。     

燃油和燃煤电厂排放可吸入颗粒物的物理化学特性

分别对燃烧重油与烟煤两个电厂排放可吸入颗粒物的显微结构、颗粒类型及重金属在可吸入颗粒物中分布特征进行研究.研究表明,燃煤电厂排放可吸入颗粒物的形态都以球形颗粒为主,而燃油电厂排放可吸入颗粒物由一些絮状物和类似于燃煤飞灰中球形颗粒组成.根据可吸入颗粒物的化学组成,发现燃油电厂排放可吸入颗粒物的颗粒类型有硅铝质和钙-硅铝质...     

濮阳市秋冬季大气细颗粒物污染特征及来源解析

濮阳市作为京津冀周边地区大气污染传输通道城市之一,秋冬季重污染天气频发,空气污染问题严峻.为了研究濮阳市秋冬季大气细颗粒物污染特征及其主要来源,于2017年10月15日至2018年1月13日在濮阳市3个国控点对PM_(2.5)进行了手工膜采样与化学组分分析,并结合PMF受体模型,开展了细颗粒物来源解析研究.结果表明,濮阳市2017年秋冬季PM_(2.5)平均质量浓度为94. 16μg·m~(-3),濮水河管理处的污染状况最严重,进入采暖季后3站点均表现为重度及严重污染事件频发,轻度污染发生频率降低,重污染发生时NO_2与CO浓度升高明显. PM_(2.5)中的主要组分为水溶性离子(52. 33%)、碳质组分(25. 32%)和地壳元素(0. 08%),NO_3~-的含量高而SO_4~(2-)的浓度水平较低.重污染发生时,PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子、OC、EC和K浓度都出现了明显的升高,而地壳元素浓度降低.采样期间濮阳市的硫氮转化率水平较高,大气氧化性较强,硫氮转化促进了重污染的发生.濮阳市2017年NOx、CO和VOCs排放量较高,来源解析结果表明,濮阳市秋冬季PM_(2.5)主要来源分别为二次无机盐(37%)、工业源(16%)、二次有机气溶胶SOA(14%)、生物质燃烧源(12%)、移动源(9%)、燃煤源(7%)和扬尘源(4%).可见,二次转化在濮阳重污染的形成过程中起到重要作用,要减轻大气细颗粒物污染,需要重点控制工业源、生物质燃烧、移动源和民用散煤燃烧的排放.     

青岛近海生物气溶胶中总微生物的分布特征

为了解生物气溶胶中总微生物浓度的月季分布和粒径分布特征,于2016年9月～2017年7月期间在青岛近海连续采集了大气生物气溶胶分级样品,并利用DAPI染色-荧光显微镜计数方法测定了生物气溶胶中总微生物浓度.结果表明,采样期间青岛近海生物气溶胶中总微生物浓度范围为1. 86×10~5～2. 54×10~6cells·m~(-3),平均值为(6. 84±4. 83)×10~5cells·m~(-3).大气中总微生物浓度的季节变化为春季和冬季较高,夏季较低,秋季最低,统计分析显示秋季和春季、夏季大气中总微生物浓度具有明显的季节变化差异(P 0. 05).生物气溶胶中总微生物月均浓度在2. 65×10~5～1. 12×10~6cells·m~(-3)之间,最高值出现在2017年2月,最低值出现在2016年9月. 2015～2017年青岛秋冬季大气中总微生物浓度一日中变化较大,但并未呈现出明显的日变化规律(P 0. 05).生物气溶胶中总微生物的粒径分布呈现偏态分布, 7. 0μm粒径所占比例最高,可达20. 5%～27. 3%;粒径分布随月份不同而有变化,呈现双峰分布和偏态分布两类.相关性分析显示,总微生物浓度与AQI、CO、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)等因子呈显著正相关(P 0. 05),与温度、风速和风向等气象因素以及NO_2、SO_2和O_3等因子无显著相关(P 0. 05).多元线性回归模拟结果显示,生物气溶胶总微生物浓度中20. 6%的变化与相对湿度和PM_(2.5)相关.     

紫外法测定水质中总氮的影响因素研究

结合紫外法测定水质中总氮空白校正吸光度值易偏高、测定结果准确度低的问题,分别从检测试剂含氮量、选择实验用水、清洗玻璃器皿、改进实验操作、改进消解环境等多个方面分析了各影响因素对总氮测定的影响,相应提出了采用测定含氮量的方法筛选试剂、新制备的去离子水作为总氮实验用水、每次总氮实验使用新刷好的器皿、增加颠倒混匀步骤提高测定结果的准确度和精密度、高压蒸汽灭菌器应定时清洗换水等对策与建议。     

Effects of Meteorological Parameters on Air Pollutant Concentrations in Elazig,Turkey

In the present study, air pollutant concentrations have been analyzed statistically with meteorological factors in the city of Elazig, which is located in the east Anatolia region of Turkey, for the months of September, October, November, December, January, February, March, and April during the years 2003 and 2004. SPSS code was used for statistical analyses. The relationship between monitored air pollutant concentrations, such as SO₂ and the total suspended particles (TSP) data, and meteorological factors such as wind speed, temperature, relative humidity and pressure was investigated. According to the results of linear and non-linear regression analysis, it was found that there is a moderate and weak level of relation between the air pollutant concentrations and the meteorological factors in Elazig. The correlation between the previous day's SO₂, TSP concentrations and actual concentrations of these pollutants on that day was investigated and the coefficient of determination R was found to be 0.80 and 0.76, respectively. The statistical models of SO₂ and TSP, including all of the meteorological parameters, gave an R of 0.50 and 0.40, respectively. Further, in order to develop this model, the previous day's SO₂ and TSP concentrations were added to the equations. The new model for SO₂ and TSP was improved considerably with R = 0.85 and 0.80, respectively.     

浅析Biostyr工艺

介绍Biostyr(一种新型曝气生物滤池 ) ,着重该工艺的结构、工作原理及工艺特点。     

Changes in Extractable Metal Concentrations During Storage of Surface Water Samples Containing Sediments1

ABSTRACT: Changes in metal concentrations during storage of acidified water samples were studied. Water samples with high concentrations of suspended sediment were collected from the Fraser River, British Columbia. These samples were analyzed for “extractable” metals, which are defined to be the dissolved metals plus those metals extracted from suspended sediment by dilute mineral acid. Concentrations of extractable Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn, and Cd were determined over time. Metal concentrations in these water samples were not stable and showed significant increases throughout the storage period. These results suggest that the extractable metal technique is inappropriate for the analysis of water samples containing suspended sediment.     

Monitoring total suspended solids by using nephelometry

Correlation curves were developed relating nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) with total suspended solids (TSS) for diked upland dredged material placement site effluents of three US Army Corps of Engineers (COE) maintenance dredging projects in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. The procedure was developed in an effort to ensure compliance with Maryland's 400 milligrams per liter (mg/l) TSS standard for COE dredging projects. Samples of the sediments to be dredged were collected and analyzed, correlating turbidity readings with TSS determined by standard gravimetric techniques. The correlation curves were provided to the COE inspectors to measure the effluent with a turbidity meter and to extract a TSS concentration from the correlation curve. Samples collected and analyzed after initiation of the dredging indicated that the correlation curves were an overestimate of the actual TSS concentrations of the effluent discharges. The procedure, endorsed by the State of Maryland, provided immediate on-site TSS analysis eliminating the previously encountered delays in obtaining gravimetric analysis of effluent discharges and potential contract management problems.