磷铋钼蓝光度法测定废水中元素磷

用甲苯萃取废水中的剧毒物元素磷 ,再用溴水将其氧化 ,在稀硫酸 (或硝酸 )介质中 ,磷 铋 钼三元络合物可被抗坏血酸还原生成磷铋钼蓝 ,在 70 0nm处进行光度测定。此法比一般钼蓝法灵敏度高 ,干扰元素少 ,常温下即可迅速充分显色 ,对工业废水中元素磷的测定快速准确     

白洋淀府河沿线水样毒性及其与污染物类型的关系

对白洋淀府河沿线水样进行了多种生物毒性测试，并用柱色层分离方法连续去除水中阳离子、阴离子和有机物后以斜生栅藻和发光菌为指标，鉴定了所采集水样毒性的产生原因。认为府河水样主要被对斜生栅藻生长有促进作用的营养物质污染，同时伴有轻度亲脂污染物的抑制作用。     

扩散模式在制定天津市有毒有害气体排放标准中的应用

本文介绍了天津市有毒有害气体排放标准的研究制定，并以一氧化碳为例，介绍了高斯扩散制定标准时应用。通过理论计算与现场实例，找出了理论值与实测值之间的关系，验证了所研究制定的天津市有毒有害气体排放标准的可靠性和适用性。     

腐殖酸在去除水体和土壤中有机污染物的作用

本文叙述了腐殖质的结构及性质,并论述了其与有机污染物结合的特征,即通过疏水作用和氢键作用吸附有机污染物, 表现为增强有机污染物在水体中的溶解度,降低挥发度,增加光解速率以及改变生物可利用率和影响有机污染物毒性等.介绍了腐殖质在去除有机污染物技术中的应用,对染色污染物有较高的去除率,具有较高的净化效果.腐殖酸还可以通过提高PAHs的溶解性和加速PAHs对微生物的生物可利用性来加速PAHs的生物降解.腐殖质的存在可以增加PCBs的溶解性,增加特效菌在腐殖质不同比率的条件下对PCBs不同的接近程度.文章最后指出了腐殖质在今后环境保护领域的发展趋势和研究方向.     

沉积物化学浸取与毒性有机物多组分吸附模式

以粘土矿物、金属氧化物、碳酸钙和腐殖酸为近海沉积物模拟样品进行了吸附γ－６６６的实验研究，根据模拟实验得到的吸附规律，将实际近海沉积物样品进行了化学浸取，分离掉其中的有机质，通过浸取与未浸取沉物对两种毒性有机物的吸附实验，建立了沉积物中无同和有机质组分吸附疏水性有机物的二级分地模式，用该模式解释了过去难以解释的实验现象。     

水生腐殖酸分子量分布研究——Ⅰ.串联凝胶色谱法测定水生腐殖酸分子量分布

考察了测定水生腐殖酸分子量分布及其平均分子量的串联凝胶色谱法。结果表明,使用Sepbadex G-25和G-100两种凝胶的色谱柱系统的分离范围可从分子量1000左右到数万,几乎包括了水生腐殖酸分子量分布的整个区段。这样的串联凝胶色谱柱的标定曲线为一折线,可用分段函数近似地加以描述。     

Research on organic matters in the drinking water of Kaschin-Beck disease area

Organic matters in drinking water of Kaschin-Beck disease areas were extracted. Then analyses and characterization were performed by means of multiply chemical and physical methods. The results did not show the obvious difference in the frame structure of humic substances and the structure of rmcromolecular compounds in the drinking water of disease and non-disease areas, but the difference in the contents of some micromolecular compounds and radicals. The investigation also includes the preliminary research on the photoreaction of drinking water from disease and non-disease areas and the accumulation of natural organic matter in the bone of tested animals.     

Selection of Bioindicators of Pollution for Marine Monitoring Programmes

The ultimate management concerns related to toxic chemicals in the marine environment are for the magnitude and extent of biological effects, including those on human health, that may result. Over the past several years, the National Status and Trends (NS&T) Program of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has supported the development and application of a number of bioeffects measurements, including biochemical indicators of contaminant exposure and of reproductive status in fish, prevalence of histopathological lesions, toxicity bioassays of sediments and water, and benthic community structural features. Some of these measurements have been applied as part of regular sampling at the nationwide network of NS&T sites, while others have been assessed in more intensive, regional studies. Our experience with different indicators is summarized and discussed in relation to a set of monitoring objectives and evaluation criteria. Current conclusions are: (a) iterative application of controlled laboratory experiments and field validation tests are required to verify causality and mechanisms of biological responses to contaminants; (b) contaminant concentrations, indicator species, and local conditions vary considerably in different areas and at different times, requiring the use of different effects measurements oriented toward specific objectives and hypotheses; and (c) tiered, sequential application of a mix of indicators, including direct measurements on indigenous organisms and indirect bioassay approaches, is useful and effective for estimating the magnitude and spatial extent of contaminant bioeffects.     

取代苯胺和苯酚类化合物对大型蚤的毒性及PH值对其毒性的影响

测定了２４个取代苯胺和苯酚类化合物在不同ＰＨ下对大型蚤的２４ｈ半数抑制浓度２４ｈ－ＩＣ５０。结果表明,苯胺类的毒性随ＰＨ的升高而增大,酚类的毒性随ＰＨ的升高而减小。     

1,2,4-三氯苯对3种海洋微藻的毒性效应

1,2,4-三氯苯(1,2种,4-TCB)是环境中普遍存在的持久性有机污染物之一,而1,2,4-TCB对藻类的毒性作用报道很少。以1,2,4-TCB处理后,3种海洋微藻(金藻Isochrysis Zhanjiangensis、角毛藻Platymonas Subcordiformis和扁藻Chaetoceros miielleri)的生长状况、蛋白质质量分数和叶绿素质量分数的改变来检测1,2,4-TCB对海洋微藻的毒性效应。结果表明:1,2,4-TCB对3种海洋微藻的生长均有一定的抑制作用,该效应表现出一定的浓度和时间依赖性;1,2,4-TCB处理4d后,3种海洋微藻细胞蛋白质质量分数和叶绿素质量分数下降,呈现一定的浓度—效应关系,这表明1,2,4-TCB对3种海洋微藻产生毒害效应,其作用机制可能与藻类光合作用功能降低和蛋白质功能受损有关。1,2,4-TCB在一定程度上降低了藻类饵料的利用价值,而且对食物链下游生物具有潜在的危害性。