典型煤矿城市居民区室内灰尘中汞污染季节差异及其健康风险

为了解典型煤矿城市居民区室内灰尘中汞(Hg)含量的季节差异及其健康风险,采集淮南市居民区室内灰尘样品116个(每个季节29个),利用AFS-820测定灰尘中Hg含量.结果显示,淮南市居民区不同季节室内灰尘中Hg平均含量均超出了土壤背景值,春、夏、秋、冬4个季节室内灰尘中Hg平均含量分别是背景值的21、5、6、27倍,冬季和春季室内灰尘中Hg含量显著高于夏季和秋季.淮南市居民区室内灰尘中Hg主要受燃煤影响,尤其冬季和春季.Hg富集水平和污染程度的季节差异规律均表现为:冬季春季秋季夏季,且4个季节室内灰尘中Hg的污染程度均超过了中度污染.Hg的4种暴露途径的暴露量和健康风险均呈现出:Hg蒸汽吸入手-口摄入皮肤接触呼吸吸入,Hg蒸汽吸入和手口摄入暴露途径的暴露量和非致癌风险要高于其他途径3~4个数量级,且儿童和成人4个季节的总非致癌风险总和达到了0.248和0.135,存在着一定潜在风险.     

Factors influencing mercury accumulation in three species of forage fish from Caddo Lake, Texas, USA

Most studies that have examined mercury (Hg) contamination of fish have focused on game species feeding near the top of the food web, while studies that examine forage fish that feed near the base of the food web are rare. We conducted a survey of Hg contamination in three species of forage fish, brook silverside (Labidesthes sicculus), threadfin shad (Dorosoma petenense) and gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), from Caddo Lake, Texas, USA and found species-specific differences in Hg concentrations. We examined total length, age, trophic position (determined using δ15N), and growth rate of forage fish as factors that could have influenced within-and between-species differences in Hg concentration. Total length and age were the best predictors of within-species differences in Hg concentration. Between-species differences in Hg concentrations were most strongly influenced by trophic position.     

广西茶山锑矿尾砂中微量元素的淋滤实验研究

采用干湿交替和完全浸没的方法,运用柱淋滤实验研究了广西南丹地区茶山锑矿选矿尾砂中微量元素的淋滤行为,淋滤液采用了模拟酸雨(pH 4.0～4.4)和河水(pH 8.0).结果表明,尾矿砂具有一定的酸中和能力,即使用pH 4.0～4.4的酸性溶液淋滤,产生的淋滤液也是偏碱性的,pH基本在7.2～8.0之间.与As和Pb相比,Sb更容易从尾矿砂中淋滤出来;干湿交替条件下Sb的淋出明显高于完全浸没条件,As更容易在完全浸没条件下淋出,且浸没间隔时间越长淋出浓度越高,间隔时间为5 d和10 d时As的淋出浓度比1 d和2 d时高出1～2倍;Mn和Zn具有相似的特点,它们受pH的影响较大,在模拟酸雨淋滤的淋出浓度明显高于河水淋滤,而干湿交替条件和完全浸没条件以及间隔时间对它们的淋出影响较小;Sr的淋出率较高,基本没有受到本实验中淋滤液和干湿交替条件以及完全浸没条件的影响;Pb基本没有淋出;尾矿砂内部的碱性环境和干湿交替条件是控制重金属锑淋滤的主要机制.     

螳螂川河流重金属污染与防治对策分析研究

通过对螳螂川河流沿程相关污染源、河流水体、河流底质金属汞元素的含量、污染水平、分布状况进行深入调查、分析研究,分析河流汞污染的来源、迁移途径、环境影响,从而提出有效的防治对策。     

改性褐煤半焦的表面性质及对气态Hg0的吸附特性

以廉价的褐煤为原料制备褐煤原料半焦,通过化学改性研制脱除烟气中气态Hg⁰的改性半焦(MnO_x/褐煤半焦)吸附剂,运用N₂吸附-脱附、SEM(扫描电镜)、XRD(X射线衍射仪)及XPS(X射线光电子能谱)等对吸附剂的表面特性进行表征与分析,利用固定床吸附试验考察2种吸附剂对气态Hg⁰的吸附特性. 结果表明:原料半焦与改性半焦均具有较发达的孔隙结构,并且以2~5 nm的介孔结构为主;经化学改性后,半焦表面石墨化程度有所提高,石墨碳C─C所占比例由51.37%增至76.17%;MnO_x主要以高度分散的无定形状态均匀分布于改性半焦表面. 固定床吸附试验结果表明,温度为140 ℃时,原料半焦对气态Hg⁰的吸附性能较差,而改性半焦则表现良好,其最高吸附效率可达85.6%;初始ρ(Hg⁰)分别为10.1、20.3、30.0、40.6 μg/m³时,改性半焦的吸附性能随初始ρ(Hg⁰)升高而增强;当吸附温度由30 ℃升至140 ℃时,改性半焦的吸附性能也随着吸附温度的升高而增强. 改性半焦对气态Hg⁰的吸附作用应主要为化学吸附,被吸附后的汞主要以氧化态(Hg²⁺)形式存在.     

Introductory remarks on mercury pollution in China

Ｃｈｉｎａｉｓｒｉｃｈｉｎｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ,ｒａｎｋｉｎｇｔｈｉｒｄｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ .ＭｅｒｃｕｒｙｏｒｅｓａｒｅｍｏｓｔｌｙｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｅｄｉｎＳｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔａｎｄＣｅｎｔｒａｌＣｈｉｎａｌｉｋｅＧｕｉｚｈｏｕ ,ＳｏｕｔｈｅｒｎＳｈａａｎｘｉ,ＮｏｒｔｈｅｒｎＨｅｎａｎａｎｄＥａｓｔｅｒｎＳｉｃｈｕａｎ ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｓ,ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｌｙＧｕｉｚｈｏｕｗｈｅｒｅ 75%ｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｏｒｅｏｆａｌｌＣｈｉｎａｅｘｉｓｔｓ.Ａｎｎｕａｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｉｎ 60’ｓａ…     

Assessment of mercury(II) bioavailability using a bioluminescent bacterial biosensor: Practical and theoretical challenges

Critical methodological challenges in the microbial biosensor approach to assessing Hg(II) bioavailability were evaluated from the perspective of analytical chemists. The main challenge stems from the fact that the chemical speciation of Hg(II) in natural waters exerts a major control on its bioavailability, yet its natural complexation equilibria are extensively altered during conventional bioassays. New data, obtained using a bioluminescent Hg(II)-biosensor, that illustrate these challenges are presented and potential solutions proposed.     

Mercury contamination and accumulation in sediments of the East China Sea

Mercury (Hg) concentrations in sediment samples collected from the inner and middle shelves of the East China Sea (ECS) were analyzed to evaluate Hg contamination levels and to calculate Hg sedimentation rates and total accumulation in the ECS. The range of Hg concentrations in surface sediments of the inner shelf was 26.5–47.6 ng/g, and that for the middle shelf was 4.1–13.9 ng/g. Hg concentrations correlated well with organic carbon contents but varied inversely with sediment grain size. Enrichment factors indicated that the whole inner shelf and a small portion of the middle shelf were slightly contaminated by Hg. Hg accumulation rates in the ECS ranged between 0.42–48.7 ng/(cm2·yr), with higher values observed in the inner shelf. Total Hg accumulation in the calculated area (accounting for 80% of the ECS continental shelf area) ranged from 25 to 30 tons/yr; approximately 51% and 17% of the accumulated Hg mass was deposited in the Yangtze estuarine zone and the inner shelf, respectively.     

多体系微量元素地球化学对比中存在的问题及解决途径

在微量、稀土元素地球化学对比研究中,直观地根据蛛网图上曲线相似程度而得出的结论带有很大的主观随意性,可信度低。通过2个应用实例(云南北衙金矿床;江西相山变质岩),运用Q型逐步聚类分析及模糊聚类分析与蛛网作图相结合的对比研究方法,分别对云南北衙金矿的成矿物质来源和江西相山变质岩的地层单元归属问题进行了探讨,发现该方法可获得较多精细的、为蛛网图所隐匿的、但具有重要地质意义的地球化学信息,从而得出更为严谨、客观、并具有科学再现性的结论。     

节能灯生产过程中的环境事故风险分析

文章对节能灯生产过程中以汞污染为代表的事故风险进行了分析,讨论并指出了生产过程中存在的事故隐患及切实有效的防范措施,对及时采取应急防护和监测提供基础资料,为预防环境污染事故发生提供了很好的借鉴意义.