原子荧光法测定水中总汞的测量不确定度分析

以测定水中汞含量为例,对其在分析过程中产生的不确定度进行识别和计算,对原子荧光法测量水中总汞的不确定度加以分析评定。     

乌江流域东风水库沉积物中汞及甲基汞的时空分布特征

为弄清东风水库水库沉积物中汞及甲基汞的时空分布特征,于春、夏两季对东风水库进行了采样,分别采用王水水浴消解-冷原子荧光法和萃取-乙基化结合GC-CVAFS法测定沉积物总汞和甲基汞的浓度。结果表明,春、夏两季东风水库沉积物的总汞剖面分布特征具有良好的一致性,没有明显的季节性变化;水库沉积物甲基汞浓度表现为夏季略高于春季,中、下游略高于上游,但在垂直方向上的分布规律不明显,并未像其他的水库一样在沉积物剖面中出现峰值。     

原子荧光光度法同时测定土壤中砷、硒含量研究

土壤中砷和硒的测定有多种方法,一般对两种元素含量进行单独测定,过程比价繁琐,不利于批量分析。本文提出了一种可同时测定土壤中砷、硒含量的方法,该方法采用盐酸和高氯酸一次消解土样,用原子荧光光度法同时测定土壤中的砷、硒,具有操作简便、测定结果准确等特点。     

松花江上游金矿开采区环境中汞污染的空间分布特征

采用俄罗斯Lumex公司生产的RA-915+汞自动分析仪采集松花江上游桦甸金矿开采区环境中的气态总汞,并同步采集水体、土壤和植物样品,测定各环境要素中的汞含量,旨在研究金矿开采区周围大气汞的分布特征、影响因素及其与其它环境要素的相关性.结果表明,环境中大气汞污染的时间分布规律为夏季大于秋季,傍晚高于午间;空间分布规律以金矿开采和汞源为中心随距离加大而逐渐衰减;金矿开采区附近环境要素中汞污染的规律为:沉积物土壤植物水,植物中总汞污染特征为:根茎叶,秋季植物中汞的含量普遍大于夏季,这与植物随生长发育不断通过土壤向体内富集污染元素有关.无论夏季还是秋季,气汞与植物根部的相关性均最高,分别为0.83和0.97.     

青海省民和县-海石湾土壤Hg异常调查及其生态效应

通过对民和县-海石湾城区及其周边地区表层土壤Hg元素异常空间分布特征的分析,查明了大气降尘是当地Hg异常的最主要来源,此外生活、工业固废污染也是可能的原因;在垂向分布上,自上而下Hg元素大体呈上升趋势,显示表面Hg元素富集。对土壤中Hg形态进行特征分析,探讨了Hg的各形态与含量之间的相关性,结果显示:残渣态>强有机态>腐植酸态>铁锰氧化态>水溶态>碳酸盐态>离子交换态。异常区土壤Hg的累积并未造成小麦及玉米的重金属超标,未影响到其食用安全性,但是潜在威胁性存在。     

燃煤锅炉烟气汞污染控制技术浅析

燃煤锅炉烟气是最大的人为汞排放源。通过对燃煤锅炉烟气汞分布及脱汞技术的分析,提出利用现有的烟气污染控制设备以提高汞的脱除效率,走复合式污染控制之路是目前我国经济技术上可行的选择。     

Hg^2＋诱导发光报告基因系统的构建及其检测红壤中残汞的研究

将汞诱导型启动子PmerT和其调控基因merR与egfp基因融合构建发光报告基因系统.通过mini-Tn5系统把merR-egfp插入到Pseudomonas putida染色体DNA上,构建成为在Hg2＋诱导下能特异性表达绿色荧光蛋白的工程菌,并将其应用于检测江西红壤中汞污染.当土壤中汞含量在0.04～50 mg.k...     

前郭灌区居民发汞含量及影响因素研究

从第二松花江(二松)下游的前郭灌区内采集了120名居民的头发样品(发样),测定了发样中的总汞(发汞)含量,分析了人体汞累积的影响因素,评价了当地居民的汞暴露风险水平.结果表明,居民发汞含量为0.15～1.01mg/kg,平均含量为0.56mg/kg.其中,男性发汞平均含量为0.55mg/kg,略低于女性发汞平均含量(0.60mg/kg).随年龄的增长,居民发汞含量呈现先增长后降低的趋势.其中,低于20岁人群的发汞含量最低,平均值为0.47mg/kg;40～50岁人群发汞含量最高,平均值为0.73mg/kg;发汞含量与个体性别、身高、体重等生理特征及吸烟、饮酒、食鱼量等生活习惯的相关关系不显著.120份发样中,仅有1例发汞含量超过了美国环保局制定的参考剂量(RFD)限值(1.00mg/kg).本研究表明,目前二松下游居民的汞暴露风险水平已经很低,长期提取二松江水灌溉对当地居民健康未构成威胁.据此推断,以二松为主要水源的哈达山水库建成后,通过灌溉对当地居民健康造成的影响也较低.     

Factors a ecting trace element content in periurban market garden subsoil in Yunnan Province, China

Field investigations were conducted to measure subsoil trace element content and factors influencing content in an intensive periurban market garden in Chenggong County, Yunnan Province, South-West China. The area was divided into three di erent geomorphological units: specifically, mountain (M), transition (T) and lacustrine (L). Mean trace element content in subsoil were determined for Pb (58.2 mg/kg), Cd (0.89 mg/kg), Cu (129.2 mg/kg), and Zn (97.0 mg/kg). Strong significant relationships between trace element content in topsoil and subsoil were observed. Both Pb and Zn were accumulated in topsoil (RTS (ratio of mean trace element in topsoil to subsoil) of Pb and Zn >1.0) and Cd and Cu in subsoil (RTS of Cd and Cu 61.0). Subsoil trace element content was related to relief, stoniness, soil color, clay content, and cation exchange capacity. Except for 7.5 YR (yellow-red) color, trace element content increased with color intensity from brown to reddish brown. Significant positive relationships were observed between Fe content and that of Pb and Cu. Trace element content in mountain unit subsoil was higher than in transition and lacustrine units (M > T > L), except for Cu (T > M > L). Mean trace element content in calcareous subsoil was higher than in sandstone and shale. Mean trace element content in clay texture subsoil was higher than in sandy and sandy loam subsoil, and higher Cu and Zn content in subsoil with few mottles. It is possible to model Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn distribution in subsoil physico-chemical characteristics to help improve agricultural practice.     

Determination and assessment of total mercury levels in local, frozen and canned fish in Lebanon

Fish is an important constituent of the Lebanese diet. However, very little attention in our area is given to bring awareness regarding the effect of the toxicity of mercury (Hg) mainly through fish consumption. This study aimed to report analytical data on total mercury levels in several fish species for the first time in thirty years and to also made individuals aware of the presence and danger from exposure to mercury through fish consumption. Fish samples were selected from local Lebanese markets and fisheries and included 94 samples of which were fresh, frozen, processed, and canned fish. All values were reported as microgram of mercury per gram of fish based on wet weight. The level of mercury ranged from 0.0190 to 0.5700 μg/g in fresh samples, 0.0059 to 0.0665 μg/g in frozen samples, and 0.0305 to 0.1190 μg/g in canned samples. The data clearly showed that higher levels of mercury were detected in local fresh fish as opposed to other types thus placing consumers at higher risk from mercury exposure. Moreover, the data revealed that Mallifa (yellowstripe barracuda/Sphyraena chrysotaenia), Sargous (white seabream/Diplodus sargus), Ghobbos (bogue/Boops hoops), and shrimp (Penaeus sp.) were among the types containing the highest amounts of mercury. On the other hand, processed fish such as fish fillet, fish burger, small shrimp and crab are found to contain lower levels of mercury and are associated with lower exposure risks to mercury. Lebanese population should therefore, be aware to consume limited amounts of fresh local fish to minimize exposure to mercury.