Effects of traffic pollution on the genetic structure of Poa annua L. populations

The genetic composition of Poa annua L, populations with a series of traffic pollution was studied by starch electrophoresis. Five enzyme systems were stained. The results showed that: (1) Traffic pollution can dramatically change genotypic frequencies at some loci of P. annua populations. Significant deviations from HardyWeinberg equilibrium were observed on loci Fe - 1 and Me due to the excess of heterozygotes in some populations.(2) The effective number of alleles per locus and the observed and expected heterozygosity were higher in the pollution series than in the clear control site(Botanic Park population), but the increase was not related with the pollution extent. (3) Most genetic variation was found within populations, and only 6.21% was among populations of the polluted series. Slightly higher differentiation( FST = 7.98%) was observed when the control population was included. (4) The calculated gene flow(Nm) is 2.8841 per generation. The mean of genetic identity is 0.9864 and the genetic distance average to 0.0138.     

我国区域道路交通安全形势对比与影响因素分析

根据2007年的政府统计数据,将全国划分为4个社会经济发展区域,并对比各区域道路交通的发展状况与安全形势,然后运用SPSS统计软件分析道路交通安全评价参数与社会经济发展水平之间的相关性。发现社会经济发展梯次靠前的区域,其道路交通与安全状况也相对较好;GDP、人口、机动车保有量、机动车驾驶证普及率、道路条件和交通运输规模等因素分别对交通事故的死亡人数、万车死亡率、亿元GDP死亡率和百公里道路死亡率等指标具有显著影响。针对各区域的道路交通安全现状,必须进一步加快交通基础与安全设施建设,建立和完善交通事故紧急救援体系,加强交通安全宣传、教育、管理以及区域间的交流与合作。     

紧急救援系统可靠性评价指标及评价方法研究

基于人机工效学的原理,分析高速公路紧急救援系统的结构组成和特点,从事件检测、救援方案及设备管理3个方面建立紧急救援系统可靠性的评价指标体系,通过理论分析和专家咨询,确定各影响因素的重要度,运用层次分析法与模糊综合评价相结合的方法,对紧急救援系统的可靠性进行评价。采用该方法对陕西省某高速公路紧急救援系统的可靠性进行评价,得到综合评价值为77.96,与实际状况相符,表明该方法可行。     

基于计划行为理论的自行车不安全行为模型研究

依托国家道路交通安全科技行动计划课题五"全民交通行为安全性提升综合技术及示范"专题,基于计划行为理论,从社会心理学的角度首次对自行车骑行者的不安全行为进行分析。在增加变量的基础上,通过调查问卷的方式,研究自行车骑行者对不安全行为的态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制、行为经验等心理因素,从而构建自行车不安全行为模型。从调查数据的结构方程模型分析和个人属性分析可知,在调查人群中存在对不安全行为没有正确认识、自觉守法能力较弱和普遍有不安全行为经验等问题,同时也确定了参与不安全行为的重点人群。最后,在揭示心理因素作用于行为的基础上提出家庭式安全教育、加强交警管理、提倡榜样学习、加强交通安全宣传等行为矫正手段。     

机场终端区飞行流量的优化算法研究

为解决繁忙机场飞行终端区的交通拥挤问题,研究了遗传算法在跑道分配和飞机排序中的应用。建立多条跑道多架飞机的数学模型,使用遗传算法仿真计算寻求飞机进场总延迟时间最小的排序方案,并与传统的先到先服务算法进行了对比。结果表明:遗传算法与先到先服务排序相比较,总延迟时间减少了53%,说明了该算法排序结果明显优于先到先服务的排序结果。遗传算法具有全局寻优,且优化效率高的特点,有助于空中交通流量管理优化方案的建立。     

A building-based data capture and data mining technique for air quality assessment

Recently, a building-based air quality model system which can predict air quality in front of individual buildings along both sides of a road has been developed. Using the Macau Peninsula as a case study, this paper shows the advantages of building-based model system in data capture and data mining. Compared with the traditional grid-based model systems with input/output spatial resolutions of 1–2 km, the building-based approach can extract the street configuration and traffic data building by building and therefore, can capture the complex spatial variation of traffic emission, urban geometry, and air pollution. The non-homogeneous distribution of air pollution in the Macau Peninsula was modeled in a high-spatial resolution of 319 receptors·km^-2. The spatial relationship among air quality, traffic flow, and urban geometry in the historic urban area is investigated. The study shows that the building-based approach may open an innovative methodology in data mining of urban spatial data for environmental assessment. The results are particularly useful to urban planners when they need to consider the influences of urban form on street environment.     

基于熵权-TOPSIS的陕西省各市区道路交通安全评价

为评价陕西省各市区道路交通安全状况,选取了十亿地区生产总值死亡人数、平均每起事故死亡人数、致死率、万车死亡率和十万人口死亡率5个相对评价指标,应用熵权-TOPSIS法对陕西省10个地级市的道路交通安全水平进行了综合评价。结果表明,陕西省各市区道路交通安全水平与地区生产总值、人口数量、机动化水平等社会经济因素具有较强的相关性,不同市区道路交通安全水平存在明显的差异。     

Long-Term Prediction of Traffic Accident Record From Bus Driver Celeration Behavior

Driver celeration (speed change) behavior of bus drivers measured a number of times was used to predict their culpable accidents over increasing time periods. It was found that predictive power was considerable (>.30 correlation) over 5 years of time with aggregated celeration (mean of repeated measurements) as independent variables, and there were also indications that power reached even further, although too low Ns made these results unreliable. Similarly, there were indications of even stronger correlations with increased aggregation of celeration values. The results were discussed in terms of the methodology needed to bring out such results, and the stability of accident-causing behavior over time.     

基于交通冲突技术的交织区交通安全评价

为了分析城市快速路多个交织区之间的相对交通安全状况,及比选同一个交织区的多个设计方案,建立基于交通冲突技术的交织区交通安全评价方法。首先,使用微观交通仿真软件模拟一定道路交通条件下车流运行状态及其随时空变化的过程,并生成车辆轨迹文件;然后,运用交通安全替代评价模型(SSAM)分析车辆轨迹文件,识别和统计交通仿真过程中"发生"的交通冲突;最后,以交织区交通冲突数与交织区交通量、交织区长度的比值作为评价指标,评价交织区的交通安全状况。案例分析表明,交织区交通冲突率越高,其服务水平往往越低;交织区的交通冲突率有随交织区交通量增加而增加,随交织区长度、交织区车道数的增加而降低的趋势。     

旅游公路景观协调性评价指标权重模型研究

为评价旅游公路景观协调性,通过对影响旅游公路景观协调性因素的分析,采用目标分解法初选评价指标,确定公路景观与交通安全、景观与视觉、景观与生态环境协调性3个目标层。在此基础上采用德尔菲法建立景观协调性评价指标体系;将景观协调性指标权重分为价值量权重和信息量权重2部分,在序关系分析法基础上充分利用指标值信息,综合主、客观赋权法,建立旅游公路景观协调性评价指标组合权重模型。结果表明:该模型可客观有效地确定各评价指标的权重。