Air Pollution and Heat Exposure Study in the Workplace in a Glass Manufacturing Unit in India

Air pollution in the workplace environment due to industrial operation have been found to cause serious occupational health hazard. Similarly, heat stress is still most neglected occupational hazard in the tropical and subtropical countries like India. The hot climate augments the heat exposure close to sources like furnaces. In this study an attempt is made to assess air pollution and heat exposure levels to workers in the workplace environment in glass manufacturing unit located in the State of Gujarat, India. Samples for workplace air quality were collected for SPM, SO₂, NO₂ and CO₂ at eight locations. Results of workplace air quality showed 8-hourly average concentrations of SPM: 165–9118 μg/m³, SO₂: 6–9 μg/m³ and NO₂: 5–42 μg/m³, which were below the threshold limit values of workplace environment. The level of CO₂ in workplace air of the plant was found to be in the range 827–2886 μg/m³, which was below TLV but much higher than the normal concentration for CO₂ in the air (585 mg/m³). Indoor heat exposure was studied near the furnace and at various locations in an industrial complex for glass manufacturing. The heat exposure parameters including the air temperature, the wet bulb temperature, and the globe parameters were measured. The Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), an indicator of heat, exceeded ACGIH TLVs limits most of the time at all the locations in workplace areas. The recommended duration of work and rest have also been estimated.     

Estimating Trophic State Proportions of a Regional Lake Population: Are Larger Samples Always Better?

During the summers of 1991–1994, the Environmental Monitoringand Assessment Program (EMAP) sampled 344 lakes throughout thenortheastern United States using a proportional stratified sampling design based on lake size. Approximately one-quarter ofthe 344 lakes were sampled each year (4 years) for totalphosphorus to determine the proportion (and associated95% confidence intervals) of the northeast lake population 1ha (11,076 ± 1,699 lakes) that was in oligotrophic,mesotrophic, eutrophic, or heupereutropic (4 classes) conditionaccording to the total phosphorus criteria of the North AmericaLake Manegement Society. Estimates for the second, third, andfourth yr were developed as cumulative of the previous yrsamples and the current yr samples for the northeast as a wholeand for each of its three ecoregions (4 regions). New confidence intervals were computed for each cumulative yrcondition estimate. This produced a total (4 years × 4classes × 4 regions) of 64 cumulative yr tropic conditionestimates. Confidence intervals for 21% of these estimates didnot shorten with increased sample size. This phenomena raisedquestions about the accuracy of estimates based on cumulativesampling procedures. We explain why and how the phenomenon comesabout with both straight random and proportional randomsampling. Further, we present an example of the effects thisphenomenon has on lake tropic state condition estimates in thenortheastern United States.     

应用模糊综合指数法对伊犁河（伊宁段）水质的综合评价

模糊数学法对伊犁河(伊宁段)水质进行综合评价时,由于分别采用地面水环境质量标准中五类标准值的平均值及其中三个标准值,计算后的结果不一致,而模糊综合指数法避免了这类问题的出现,计算结果比较满意.从而表明,该法是对模糊数学法的进一步改进.     

入海河流对近岸海域海湾影响分析

利用污染指数法及相关系数法对盘锦市境内的河、海水质进行对比分析，从而得出近岸海域海湾水质主要受入海河流水质影响的结论。     

烃类化合物气相色谱保留指数与其分配系数关系研究

报道了从烃类化合物气相色谱保留指数预测其正辛醇水分配系数的公式，研究了以不同极性相上测得的烃类化合物保留指数预测其分配系数的准确性，得出弱极性柱上测得的化合物保留指数能更准确的预测其分配系数，从而为烃类化合物分配系数的测定和预测提供了一种简便易行的新方法。     

顶空气相色谱分析法测定饮用水中的挥发性卤代烃

本文详细介绍了顶空气相色谱分析法测定的适用范围，试剂材料样品采集和试验结果等。     

准确测定高锰酸盐指数考核样的方法

根据长期的实际操作经验，要准确测定高锰酸盐指数值，在样品分析中，水浴时间不能少于35min；K值在0．980-1．010；滴定时温度保持在70℃。以提高测定结果的准确度。     

Effect of free-air CO2 enrichment on nematode communities in a Chinese farmland ecosystem

At a rice-wheat rotational free-air CO2 enrichment(FACE) platform, the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 on soil nematode communities in a farmland ecosystem was studied. Wheat plots were exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 (ambient 370 μl/L 200 μl/L).32 families and 40 genera of nematode were observed in soil suspensions during the study period. Under FACE treatment, the numbers of total nematodes, bacterivores and fungivores exhibited an increasing trend. Because of the seasonal variation of soil temperature and moisture, the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 on soil nematodes was only observed under favorable conditions. The response of nematode communities to elevated atmospheric CO2 may indicate the change of soil food web.     

三峡库区长江水位变化条件下滑坡稳定性二元指标体系研究

安全系数是边坡稳定性评价中的常用方法,在长期的工程实践中积累了丰富的经验,其最大的缺点是不能考虑边坡岩土体中实际存在的不确定性。可靠性理论可有效地考虑边坡系统内实际存在的不确定性和相关性,但是缺乏丰富的工程实践经验,因此,将工程实践经验丰富的安全系数与先进的可靠性理论相结合,建立安全系数与可靠性相耦合的二元评价体系具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。以巴东县东壤口镇宋家屋场滑坡为实例,计算了长江水位从135 m至175 m变化过程中的平均安全系数(最大可能安全系数)和相应的可靠性。将最大可能安全系数与边坡可靠性相乘,对最大可能安全系数进行折减,得到边坡可靠的安全系数。设折减后安全系数的临界值为1．05,由此计算出不同最大可能安全系数的临界变异系数和临界破坏概率。根据不同的最大可能安全系数及它的临界破坏概率,绘制出边坡稳定性分区图。用均值安全系数和可靠性二元指标对宋家屋场滑坡的稳定性进行了评价,结果是可靠的安全系数为1．068,略大于临界值,处于基本稳定状态。文中论述了边坡稳定性二元指标体系的建立方法。     

城市型生态社区可持续发展评价指标体系的初步研究

近年来,城市化发展带动了社区建设的蒸蒸日上,同时也带来了环境资源的快速消耗及一系列的环境污染问题,生态社区的建设受到人们的广泛关注,可持续发展的理念已经渗透到人类社区建设发展的各个方面.通过对城市型生态社区内涵的分析,探讨了城市型生态社区可持续发展评价指标体系的构建原则,在该原则指导下结合苏州市区域特征采用层次分析法建立了与之相应的评价指标体系,并在该基础上以指标体系中的生态建筑子系统为例对其做出详细的指标说明.