The presence of females modulates the expression of a carotenoid-based sexual signal

Several environmental factors have been shown to shape the pattern of investment of carotenoids into the expression of sexual signals. Surprisingly, the impact of the social environment has been neglected. If a carotenoid-based sexual trait is used by females to choose a mate or by males to assess the quality of potential competitors for mates, males, in the presence of females, should upregulate expression of the trait. We tested this hypothesis in male zebra finches that were housed either with females or in a male-only social environment. Additionally, to investigate whether the social modulation of the expression of a sexual trait depends on the physiological need of carotenoids, we challenged half of the males with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that the social environment modulated the expression of bill color, with males kept in the presence of females harboring a redder bill at the end of the 3 weeks that the experiment lasted. Males injected with LPS showed duller bill color regardless of the presence of females, and social interactions with females result in upregulated bill color similarly for phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and LPS males. Thus, social environment and immune activation had an additive effect on the expression of bill color. The effect of social environment on plasma carotenoids was less clear. Indeed, a first replicate of the entire experiment showed that both immune challenge and social context affected bill color, with a negative effect of immune challenge and a positive effect of the presence of females on circulating carotenoids. However, a second replicate of the experiment showed only a negative effect of the immune challenge. These results, therefore, suggest that the social environment can affect the expression of carotenoid-based sexual traits under both benign and carotenoid-demanding conditions. Whatever the signaling function of bill color (female mate choice or male–male competition for mates), the observed flexibility may be adaptive because the expression of the signal can be modulated depending on the expected rewards or costs associated with the presence or absence of females. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying such an effect are still unknown.     

基于802.11n无线传感器网络的巷道人员定位技术研究

针对现阶段矿井人员定位系统定位精度低、成本高、可靠性差等问题,提出了一种基于802.11n无线传感器网络技术的真三维人员定位系统,该系统根据功能特征划分为现场设备管理层、系统运行监控层和地面监控管理层。工作时,定位分站将移动节点通过无线网络传输过来的位置坐标信息通过RS-485总线传输到光纤冗余网中,紧接着将位置坐标信息通过CAN现场总线传输到地面数据服务器内进行解压、分析处理和可视化显示。实验结果表明:当加权因子k取1.1时,该系统在井下巷道测试环境中的平均误差仅为1.15 m,且长期运行无故障,具有较高的定位精度和可靠性,降低了成本。     

铁盐类无机有机复合絮凝剂的水解特性及脱色效能

研究氯化铁(FeCl3)-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵均聚物(PDMDAAC)和聚合氯化铁(PFC)-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵均聚物(PDMDAAC)复合絮凝剂的水解历程、水解产物的特性和电荷特性,考察絮凝剂的水解对脱色效果的影响.结果表明,复合絮凝剂与FeCl3和PFC相比,具有水解速度快,水解稳定期长,表面电荷高,pH适用范围广的特点.     

色彩心理与城市交通安全文化分析

城市交通采用什么色彩更适宜,是一个交通安全文化与色彩设计和谐的问题。为防止或减少因交通色彩无秩序、不和谐、无标准而导致的交通事故,对交通、色彩、环境与人这一复杂系统当中色彩作用于人的心理而引起的感性及生理上的反应与交通色彩安全问题做了分析,阐述了色彩心理效应对交通安全文化的要求,提出了控制对策,为今后城市交通安全色彩设计提供了基础研究。     

Measurements of Wastewater True Color by 4/6 Wavelength Methods and Artificial Neural Network

The ADMI (American Dye Manufactures’ Institute) 3 and 31 wavelength (WL) methods are the most popular measurements of the wastewater true color. However, significantly different measured results were found between the ADMI 3 and 31 WL methods for the same sample. This finding indicates that the ADMI 3 and 31 WL values should not be directly substituted for each other, resulting in the incomparability of these two color values. An innovative calculation using the Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPN) was therefore proposed to replace the original calculation method proposed in Standard Method. The BPN-calculated ADMI 3 WL values were found to be very close to the corresponding measured ADMI 31 WL values. Additionally, for more accurate measurement of the true color, new measurement methods containing 4 and 6 wavelengths were proposed and cooperated with the BPN calculation model. The new approaches performed very accuracy measured results of the wastewater true color. Finally, the trained BPN calculation models were built to be applied to measure the true color of real textile samples and also performed very good measured results.     

彩色红外航片用于水污染遥感监测的定量分析

采用比值法对1：2000彩红外航空胶片透射密度值进行修正,并与运河水质污染参数进行相关统计分析,提出了水质有机污染参数的最佳影象探测密度,建立了相关模型。根据航片密度值估算了苏南大运河水质有机污染参数。结果表明,利用彩红外航片进行大范围水污染遥感监测是可行的。     

三菌复合发酵提高厨余真蛋白含量的研究

为改善厨余发酵的品质,增加发酵后产品蛋白含量。采用三菌复合对厨余进行发酵,探讨了三菌复合的比例、接种量、发酵时间、初始pH值对发酵效果的影响,采用L9(34)正交实验对发酵条件进行优化,并对实验菌Lc和Ydy进行16S rRNA及18S rRNA分子鉴定。结果表明,最佳发酵条件为:菌剂配比(Lc∶Ydy∶S1)为3∶2∶1,接种量为0.15%,初始pH值为5.0,发酵时间为48 h。扩大实验结果表明,在最优发酵条件下,厨余经发酵后品质得到改善,真蛋白含量由发酵前的15.42%上升到发酵后的22.47%,增加率为45.80%;发酵后大肠菌群下降到30 cfu/g以下;乳酸菌及酵母菌数量分别为1.5×109 cfu/g和6.6×108 cfu/g。分子测序及鉴定结果表明,Lc为乳酸乳球菌,Ydy为热带假丝酵母菌。     

Characteristics of high-sulfate wastewater treatment by two-phase anaerobic digestion process with Jet-loop anaerobic fluidized bed

A new anaerobic reactor, Jet-loop anaerobic fluidized bed （JLAFB）, was designed for treating high-sulfate wastewater. The treatment characteristics, including the effect of influent COD/SO42 ratio and alkalinity and sulfide inhibition in reactors, were discussed for a JLAFB and a general anaerobic fiuidized bed （AFB） reactor used as sulfate-reducing phase and methane-producing phase, respectively, in two-phase anaerobic digestion process. The formation of granules in the two reactors was also examined. The results indicated that COD and sulfate removal had different demand of influent COD/SO4^2- ratios. When total COD removal was up to 85%, the ratio was only required up to 1.2, whereas, total sulfate removal up to 95% required it exceeding 3.0. The alkalinity in the two reactors increased linearly with the growth of influent alkalinity. Moreover, the change of influent alkalinity had no significant effect on pH and volatile fatty acids （VFA） in the two reactors. Influent alkalinity kept at 400-500 mg/L could meet the requirement of the treating process. The JLAFB reactor had great advantage in avoiding sulfide and free-H2S accumulation and toxicity inhibition on microorganisms. When sulfate loading rate was up to 8. 1 kg/（m^3.d）, the sulfide and free-H2S concentrations in JLAFB reactor were 58.6 and 49.7 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the granules, with offwhite color, ellipse shape and diameters of 1.0-3.0 mm, could be developed in JLAFB reactor. In granules, different groups of bacteria were distributed in different layers, and some inorganic metal compounds such as Fe, Ca, Mg etc. were found.     

Thermochemical characteristics of dairy manure and its derived biochars from a fixed-bed pyrolysis

Based on the data on the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), oven-dried dairy manure was performed at moderate temperatures (673–1,073 K) with proper residence time of 60 min by a vertical fixed-bed pyrolyzer. The thermochemical properties of the dairy manure and its biochar products, such as elemental analysis and calorific value (higher heating value), were investigated to evaluate their potential use as biomass fuel. Furthermore, the true densities of the manure-derived biochars were also obtained to relate the property with their thermochemical properties. It showed that the calorific value of the dairy manure-derived biochar (denoted as DMBC) was on increasing trend with temperature, while its maximal increase occurred at around 873 K. This result was in high agreement with the data on the yields and carbon contents of DMBC products. By contrast, their contents of H, N, and O decreased slightly due to the devolatilization because of thermal decomposition reactions like depolymerization and carbonization. The optimal manure-derived biochar revealed an excellent characterization with high content of carbon (60 wt%) and calorific value (22.3 MJ/kg), low contents of nitrogen (0.5 wt%), and no traces of sulfur and heavy metals, suggesting that DMBC can be used as a solid fuel for energy use.     

抗生素废水的GC-MS分析与显色物质的初步确定

为确定抗生素废水中有机污染物构成和显色物质,以二氯甲烷为萃取剂,萃取废水中的有机物,经过浓缩纯化后,利用气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对制药废水中的有机成分进行了分析鉴定,结合计算机质谱图库,定性确定了废水中60种有机污染物。其中,脂类为主要污染物成分,经对脱色后的废水进一步GC-MS分析后,初步确定油酸甲酯为此类抗生素废水的主要显色有机物。