中性高锰酸钾溶液稳定性研究

不同温度条件下,多次将高锰酸钾贮备液进行定量稀释并标定,发现其浓度基本不变,稳定性较好。     

硫化物测定的新的标准溶液──硫代乙酰胺

根据在盐酸羟胺存在下硫代乙酰胺（ＴＡ）能够与锌发生均相沉淀的理论,选用了硫代乙酰胺作为硫化物测定的标准溶液,并利用正交试验设计进一步探讨了最佳实验条件。此方法简单、准确、重现性好,线性范围为０～０．２ｍｇ／ＬＳ２－适合于各种水样的测定。     

开展对环境无害的煤炭革命保护全球环境

发展中国家正处于工业化起始和发展阶段,煤炭的开发和利用逐年增多,这将造成对环境的污染。因此,包括中国在内的发展中国家,面临着能源结构和能源利用方式一次新的战略变革,这种变革使资源消费型发展模式,转向资源节约模式。中国本着负责的态度,在发展经济的同时始终把环境保护作为一项基本国策。但限于发展中国家财力和技术条件有限,我们希望国际社会建立保障环境安全和发展的国际资金机制,包括以优惠或非商业性条件转让环境保护有益的技术和提供足够的、新的和额外的资金以推动新技术的应用。     

重组酵母测评系统对环境样品雌激素活性的检测

采用重组酵母测评系统对香烟烟雾溶液和汽车尾气提取物分别进行雌激素活性的测定.结果显示在受试浓度下,PBS烟雾溶液和DMSO烟雾溶液的β-半乳糖苷酶活性与溶剂对照相比均无显著性差异(P>0·05).汽油燃料车尾气在600mL·mL-1时,其酵母菌液OD600明显低于DMSO对照组(P<0·05);在150mL·mL-1剂量时,汽油燃料车尾气所检出的β-半乳糖苷酶活性为44·56,与DMSO对照组相比有显著性差异(P<0·05),当剂量增加至300mL·mL-1,酶活性升高为66·43,约为对照组的12倍,其它各剂量组酶活性与DMSO对照组相比无显著性差异(P>0·05);甲醇燃料车尾气的β-半乳糖苷酶活性与溶剂对照相比无显著性差异(P>0·05).提示汽油燃料车尾气具有弱雌激素活性,甲醇燃料车尾气和香烟烟雾溶液未检出雌激素活性.     

总硬度测定中缓冲溶液配制方法的改进实验

阐述了测定地下水和地面水总硬度时缓冲溶液配制方法的改进,经对比试验,可用于水质样品的分析测定工作。     

基于神经网络的土霉素废水处理试验仿真系统

土霉素结晶母液属于高浓度的有机废水，用传统的处理方法不能明确其反应机理，试验结果也并不理想。在已有的实验数据基础上，利用神经网络建立水处理试验仿真系统，通过计算机模拟预测出各种试剂的合理用量，最后在实验室进行验证，取得了良好的效果。     

Aerobic biodegradability of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) used in natural gas sweetening plants in batch tests and continuous flow experiments

Mixtures of different amines including tertiary amines (methyldiethanolamine, MDEA) are commonly used for the removal of CO₂ from gas mixtures or in gas sweetening processes for the extraction of CO₂ and H₂S. The absorber solutions used can be released into the industrial waste water due to continuous substitution of degraded MDEA, periodically cleaning processes or an accidental spill. In this study, the aerobic biodegradability of MDEA was investigated in a standardised batch test and a continuous flow experiment (40 l/d). The results of the batch test indicated that the MDEA-solution was non-biodegradable during the test period of 28 days, whereas the continuous flow experiments showed biodegradation of more than 96% based on TOC-measurements. This was probably due to the adaptation of the microorganisms to this particular waste water contamination during continuous flow experiment.     

扬州市污染源自动监控系统中的难点及解决方案

介绍了扬州市污染源监控系统的组成、系统建设过程中出现的难点和解决方法，以及系统今后的改进。     

Eu uptake by calcite: Preliminary results from coprecipitation experiments and observations with surface-sensitive techniques

A lack of information in databases for contamination risk assessment about the transport behaviour of the trivalent f-orbital elements in groundwater systems where calcite is at equilibrium motivated this study of Eu³⁺ uptake. The free drift technique was used to examine the effects of Eu³⁺ concentration, presence of Na⁺ or K⁺ and temperature, as well as calcite nucleation and precipitation kinetics, on the partitioning of calcite. Changes in surface composition and morphology resulting from exposure of single crystals of Iceland spar to Eu³⁺-bearing solutions were observed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). First results confirm that calcite has high affinity for Eu³⁺. Rates of nucleation and precipitation strongly affect the extent of uptake but the presence of Na⁺ and K⁺ has no effect, suggesting formation of solid solution as CaCO₃–EuOHCO₃. Surface-sensitive techniques prove that Eu³⁺ is adsorbed to calcite even when the surface is dissolving and adsorption is not accompanied by precipitation of a separate Eu³⁺-solid phase. Adsorbed Eu modifies calcite's dissolution behaviour, roughening terraces and rounding step edges, and producing surface morphology where some surface sites appear blocked. Results imply that Eu³⁺ concentrations in natural calcites are limited by Eu³⁺ availability rather than by a lack of ability to fit into calcite's atomic structure. This behaviour can probably be expected for other trivalent rare Earth elements (REE), actinides and fission products whose behaviour is similar to that of Eu³⁺. These elements are likely to be incorporated within the calcite bulk in systems where it is precipitating and the demonstrated strong partitioning ensures some uptake even where calcite is at or under saturation.     

Lix54-100从印刷电路板蚀刻废液中回收铜

本文对Lix5 4 10 0萃取剂萃取铜氨料液中铜的性能做了研究 ,发现其具有动力学速率快、饱和容量高、分离效果好、反萃容易及不萃氨等特点。并把其应用于印刷电路板蚀刻废液中铜的回收 ,在铜初始浓度为 15 6.96g/L ,相比为 2∶1条件下 ,用 80 %Lix5 4 10 0 -煤油经过三级错流萃取 ,铜的浓度可下降到 2 6.88g/L。三级总萃取率达 82 .87%。由此设计推荐了无废排放工艺流程 ,实现了经济效益和环境效益的统一