大数据环境下企业安全绩效管理的基础性问题*

为明晰大数据对安全绩效管理的影响,把握信息时代下企业安全绩效管理的研究方向,基于大数据时代下安全绩效管理内容,阐述数据驱动下安全绩效管理的应用优势,探讨数据驱动下安全绩效管理的研究变革,剖析大数据环境下企业安全绩效管理的数据流向,构建数据驱动下安全绩效管理的框架模型,并提出数据驱动下企业安全绩效管理应用对策。结果表明:基于大数据的安全绩效管理有助于提升企业安全管理水平,也为安全生产系统优化提供理论依据。     

温度交变下液态乙烷回气管线热应力数值计算与现场测试*

为解决低温交变载荷下液态乙烷回气管线面临的安全问题,采用有限元法和现场试验研究管线在低温交变载荷下无裂纹和含轴向裂纹管线的热应力分布。结果表明:管内温度沿周向和轴向分布具有较大的不均匀性,内外壁温度分布趋势基本相似;随着计算时间的延长,管线整体热应力先增大再减小;卸压、温度回升过程中,管内温差逐渐减小,热应力逐渐减小;裂纹处的热应力大于远离裂纹及无裂纹处的热应力;对管线热应力变化进行现场监测,试验数据与仿真结果吻合。研究结果可为低温情况下液态乙烷回气管线的方案设计提供参考和指导。     

不同点火模式下软质聚氨酯泡沫燃烧的实验研究

为研究软质聚氨酯泡沫(FPUF)的燃烧行为对火灾的影响,采用锥形量热仪(CONE)分析FPUF在强制点火和非强制点火模式下的燃烧行为、热释放速率HRR、质量损失速率MLR和燃烧效率η。研究结果表明：当外部辐射≥40 kW/m²时,FPUF在2种点火模式下燃烧的HRR和MLR均出现2个明显的峰值且η约为88%;当外部辐射<40 kW/m²时,FPUF在非强制点火模式下燃烧的HRR和MLR曲线趋于单峰形式;FPUF在强制点火模式下燃烧前期为异氰酸酯(TDI)和多元醇的混合燃烧,在非强制点火模式下为TDI的挥发。根据研究结果修正现有燃料组分的热值计算方法,获得FPUF和多元醇的热值分别为(20±2),(28±3) kJ/g。     

Comprehensive temperature monitoring in an in-vessel forced-aeration static-bed composting process

Comprehensive temperature monitoring was done in an in-vessel forced-aeration static-bed composting process using sewage sludge. The three layers that divided the compost pile horizontally showed different temperature distributions. The temperature of the top layer appeared not to be influenced by the ambient temperature. The temperature of the center area of the top layer was taken to be the representative temperature for evaluating composting start-up performance. The temperature of the bottom layer was strongly influenced by the ambient temperature, and the temperature of the center area of the bottom layer was taken to be the representative temperature for pathogen control as it was the minimum temperature in the reactor. Composting start-up performance was influenced by several factors when the ambient temperature was either below or above 20°C. When the ambient temperature was below 20°C, the time taken to reach 65°C (T ₆₅) was influenced by the temperature of inflowing air, but when the temperature was higher than 20°C, it was influenced by the ratio of sewage sludge to seed compost (F/S). T ₆₅ was least when F/S was 1–2. Received: January 9, 2001 / Accepted: October 10, 2001     

稻米和土壤中农美利残留量气相色谱分析方法的研究

建立了测定稻田土壤、稻米中农美利残留量的气相色谱分析方法。用配有NPD的气相色谱仪、DB-1301毛细管柱测定稻田土壤及稻米中农美利的残留量，最低检测浓度为0．01mg／kg、平均回收率为80．4％-99．8％，变异系数为6．3％-11．7％，均达到残留分析的要求。     

顶空气相色谱法测定水中甲醛、乙醛和丙烯醛

建立了顶空气相色谱法同时测定水中甲醛、乙醛、丙烯醛的方法。目标化合物连续测定9次的相对标准偏差分别为0.01,1.89,3.54;检出限分别为0.03μg/L,5.68μg/L,10.3μg/L,实际水样加标回收率在98%~101%。方法简便,快速,灵敏度高,基体干扰小。适用于地表水、地下水和工业废水中甲醛、乙醛、丙烯醛的同时、快速测定。     

衡山PM_（2.5）中痕量金属元素的分析

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定PM2.5中12种痕量金属元素的方法。对不同消解体系进行了讨论,确定采用HNO3＋H2O2消解体系。方法检出限在0.01～6.4 ng/m3之间,精密度为0.5%～8.9%,加标回收率在69.2%～92.6%之间。应用该方法测定了衡山PM2.5中痕量金属元素的含量,讨论了痕量元素的浓度分布特征,对各元素进行了相关性分析,并应用富集因子法对来源进行了分析。     

米淀粉及其副产品清洁生产绩效评价研究

本文研究了传统米淀粉生产工艺物质流失及其生产过程控制与管理的内容,评价了米淀粉产品技改前与技改后的经济绩效和环境绩效.结果表明,开展清洁生产绩效评价研究,对于优化产品结构、实施工艺技术改造、提高资源能源利用率与节能减排效果具有重要意义.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定磷生铁中的Mn、P、Si

建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）法测定磷生铁中3种元素Mn、P、Si的定量分析方法.通过试验选择257.610nm、185.942nm、212.412nm分别作为Mn、P、Si的分析谱线,无需进行光谱干扰校正.实验结果表明,各元素分析谱线线性相关系数大于0.9990.方法用于高磷铸铁标准物质分析,测定值与认定值相符,测定结果的相对标准偏差在0.21％ （Mn） ～1.8％ （P）范围.     

Cracking the Achilles’ heel of energy performance contracting projects: the credit risk identification method for clients

ABSTRACT

A credit risk identification model is established to examine the credit status of Energy performance contracting (EPC) project clients (i.e., energy-using companies) in China based on rough set theory. The model is verified with data from 120 listed companies at different times. Study shows that lack of credit is one of the main obstacles to the implementation of EPC projects, and information asymmetry is the main reason for this lack of credit among potential clients in China. The credit risk identification method based on rough set theory can make up for the shortcomings of existing EPC projects in terms of credit risk identification, including redundant information and indicators, and unclear decision rules. Credit risk identification indicators of clients are dynamic. The research results can help energy service companies (ESCOs) determine the credit status of clients, facilitate cooperation between ESCOs and clients, and help explain the various dynamics of clients’ credit risk identification indicators over time.