微囊藻毒素分离及鉴定

微囊藻毒素是一类由蓝藻产生的具有肝毒性的生物毒素。微囊藻毒素标准品是开展为微囊藻毒素相关研究的必需的实验材料,文章以滇池天然水华蓝藻为原料,建立了以5%乙酸和75%的甲醇溶液提取,通过优化提取、分离和制备条件,制备了一定量的微囊藻毒素高纯度样品,经HPLC鉴定分析,纯度可达90%以上。文章在相同的质谱条件下分别对MC-LR和[Dha7]MC-LR等毒素进行了质谱检测,一级质谱结果表明,MC-LR和[Dha7]MC-LR的一价电离离子峰分别为995和981,MC-RR的二价电离离子峰为520,并分析它们的二级质谱裂解特征,确定三种毒素化学结构MC-RR为环(Ala-Arg-MeAsp-Arg-Adda-Glu-Mdha)、MC-LR为环(Ala-Leu-MeAsp-Arg-Adda-Glu-Mdha)、[Dha7]MC-LR为环(Ala-Leu-MeAsp-Arg-Adda-Glu-Dha)。改良后的检测方法同样应用于检测受微囊藻毒素污染的武汉东湖水样。     

MDEA水溶液膜法天然气脱硫的试验研究

以新配和含有一定H_2S的MDEA溶液为吸收液,以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜组件为接触器,通过对操作参数的调节和改变膜孔大小等方法对脱硫率和总传质系数进行研究。结果表明:气液压力差以及膜孔孔径的增加均有利于脱硫率和总传质系数的提升,即均有利于脱硫。降低进气流量和低气液比均对H_2S传质有积极作用。     

好氧颗粒污泥培养及不同阶段除污性能的研究

以某味精污水处理厂厌氧池的厌氧颗粒污泥作为接种污泥,采用人工模拟配水,通过控制运行条件在序批式反应器(SBR)中成功培养出了好氧颗粒污泥。研究表明,该好氧颗粒污泥具有良好的沉降性能及除污性能。好氧颗粒污泥的形成阶段的粒径为0.1～0.5 mm,成熟后的平均粒径为2 mm。形成阶段SBR中MLSS为5 000～6 000 mg/L,对COD和NH3-N的去除率分别达到了88.1%和87.6%。成熟后SBR中MLSS为10 000 mg/L左右,对COD和NH3-N的去除率分别达到了94%和97.5%。通过电镜分析可知,好氧颗粒污泥表面主要聚集了球状菌,中部主要以丝状菌和杆状菌为主,内部为无机核心。这种明显的分层现象,充分说明了好氧颗粒污泥沿半径方向由于溶解氧的梯度分布,微生物呈层状分布,这种层状分布的结构为好氧颗粒污泥同步硝化反硝化提供了可能。     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱法测定水中的乙醛和丙烯醛

建立了吹扫捕集-气相色谱法测定水样中乙醛和丙烯醛的方法,并对吹扫捕集测试条件进行优化,考察了吹扫温度和吹扫时间对吹扫捕集效率和方法检出限的影响。在50℃下,吹扫时间为20 min时,该方法乙醛和丙烯醛的检出限分别为0.001 2 mg/L、0.000 6 mg/L,相对标准偏差分别为3.5%～6.9%、2.9%～5.8%,加标回收率分别为91.6%～108%、92.0%～105%。与GB3838-2002推荐使用的分析方法相比较,该方法具有操作简便、灵敏度高、重复性好、基本上不消耗有机溶剂等特点,可满足地表水和废水中乙醛和丙烯醛的测定要求。     

顶空气相色谱法同时测定空气中甲醇和乙醇

顶空气相色谱测定空气中甲醇和乙醇含量,以蒸馏水吸收空气中甲醇和乙醇,顶空进样经DB-624毛细管柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测。实际操作证明,该法能满足工业废气和空气中的甲醇和乙醇的监测。     

Photocatalytic remediation of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane contaminated soils using TiO2 and montmorillonite composite photocatalyst

TiO2 and montmorillonite composite photocatalysts were prepared and applied in degrading γ-hexachlorocyclohexane(γ-HCH)in soils.After being spiked with γ-HCH,soil samples loaded with the composite photocatalysts were exposed to UV-light irradiation.The results indicated that the photocatalytic activities of the composite photocatalysts varied with the content of TiO2 in the order of 10%＜70%＜50%＜30%.Moreover,the photocatalytic activity of the composite photocatalysts with TiO2 content 30% was higher than that of the pure P25 with the same mass of TiO2.The strong adsorption capacity of the composite photocatalysts and quantum size effect may contribute to its increased photocatalytic activities.In addition,effect of dosage of composite photocatalysts and soil pH on γ-HCH photodegradation was investigated. Pentachlorocyclohexene,trichlorocyclohexene,and dichlorobenzene were detected as photodegradation intermediates,which were gradually degraded with tlle phOtOdegradation evolution.     

Fractionation of residual Al in natural water treatment from reservoir with poly-aluminum-silicate-chloride (PASiC): Effect of OH/Al, Si/Al molar ratios and initial pH

An aluminum fractionation study was conducted for a surface reservoir water treatment to understand the performance of poly-aluminum-silicate-chloride (PASiC) in terms of the residual Al fractions as a function of initial pH. The coagulation performance expressed as turbidity and organic matter removal was established as supporting data. Some extra data were evaluated in terms of the residual Al ratio of the composite PASiC coagulant. The main residual Al sources were the Al fractions derived from the use of PASiC. The turbidity and organic matter removal ability was optimal at initial pH 6.00-7.00, while the concentrations of various residual Al species and the residual Al ratio of PASiC were minimal at an initial pH range of 7.00-8.00. Under the conditions of OH/Al molar ratio = 2.00 and Si/Al molar ratio = 0.05, PASiC had superior coagulation performance and comparatively low residual Al concentrations. The Al fraction in the composite PASiC coagulant seldom remained under such conditions. Experimental data also indicated that the suspended (filterable) Al fraction was the dominant species, and organic-bound or organo-Al complex Al was considered to be the major species of dissolved Al in water treated by PASiC coagulation. Additionally, the dissolved inorganic monomeric Al species dominated the dissolved monomeric Al fraction.     

锈蚀钢结构连接节点抗震性能研究进展

基于材料与连接构件层面,总结了近年来国内外既有试验研究及理论分析成果,主要包括腐蚀后的标准试件的单调拉伸、滞回性能退化分析,以及梁柱节点、框架结构的抗震性能研究,并给出了相应的力学性能退化模型,通过进行总结及对比分析后,为复杂环境下工程钢结构给出研究方向,同时也对我国工程结构的设计方法提供理论指导和参考依据。     

钢铁企业用涤纶滤料的性能试验研究

选取钢铁企业用覆膜和未覆膜涤纶针刺毡滤料进行实验研究,测试了两种滤料的力学特性、耐腐蚀特性和过滤性能。结果表明:清洁的覆膜涤纶针刺毡过滤阻力比未覆膜涤纶针刺毡的阻力高8~10倍,但是覆膜涤纶针刺毡的最低过滤效率比未覆膜涤纶针刺毡的高49.9%;在20%、40%的H_2SO_4中浸泡24 h后经、纬向断裂强力和伸长保持率均维持在80%以上,在40%的NaOH溶液中浸泡24 h后的断裂强力保持率在8%以下,因此两种滤料具有良好的耐酸腐蚀性,但不适合在强碱条件下长期使用。     

上海市大气颗粒物高浓度区污染物的源解析

应用受体模式的化学质量平衡法支９个监测点的大气颗粒物进行污染源的源解析，得出这９个监测点的各类污染源平均贡献率为建筑尘占３２．１％，土壤尘占２７．５％，钢铁尘占２４．９％，燃煤尘占１４．８％，汽车尘和燃油尘分别占０．２％和０．４％。