活性炭辅助O_3/UV高级氧化处理钻井废水

文章探讨了活性炭、O3和UV联合处理钻井废水的可行性。结果表明,在相同的操作条件下,O3/UV处理法对钻井废水的去除率不高且极不稳定(去除率在5.8%~16.1%间变化)。加入活性炭作为反应载体后,系统显示出较强的氧化降解能力,去除率提高到23.6%,而改进曝气方式后可达到35%的处理率。分析表明,作为载体的活性炭在反应中起到至关重要的作用。     

黄孢原毛平革菌原生质体的紫外诱变育种及对义马褐煤的降解转化

黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)对煤炭具有降解转化效果.通过对该菌种进行原生质体紫外诱变选育,获得了高效的煤炭生物降解转化菌株.采用PDA培养基,在pH值为7.0、温度为28℃、转速为150 r/min的条件下进行黄孢原毛平革菌原生质体再生菌的培养和煤炭生物降解转化试验;黄孢原毛平革菌在36℃、振荡培养5～6h的条件下萌发出极短芽管的孢子,在含有Novonzyme234和溶壁酶的MgSO4溶液中进行破壁生成原生质体;进而选取酶解120 min的原生质体,在距离30 W紫外灯30 cm处对黄孢原毛平革菌原生质体进行紫外诱变选育;对义马褐煤、硝酸处理义马褐煤及其降解转化产物采用红外光谱进行分析.结果表明:黄孢原毛平革菌原生质体紫外诱变选育效果显著,且再生菌遗传性状稳定,在溶壁酶质量浓度为7mg/mL、Novonzyme234质量浓度为5 mg/mL、反应时间为120 min的条件下,原生质体形成率为85％,再生率为9％;在紫外辐射90s时黄孢原毛平革菌原生质体的致死率为95.6％,其原生质体再生菌对义马褐煤和硝酸处理义马褐煤的最大降解率从31.84％分别提高到42.6％和60.16％,较紫外诱变育种黄孢原毛平革菌对义马褐煤和硝酸处理义马褐煤的降解率分别提高了10.05％和8.54％;降解转化产物的官能团含量发生了变化,芳香类高聚物降解为低相对分子质量类物质及其他类物质.     

硫化氢浓度测定方法的比较和建议

本文研究了过滤式防毒面具滤毒罐防护硫化氢性能试验中,采用用碘量法和紫外光度法对硫化氢浓度测定的对比。通过试验证明了,碘量法测得的硫化氢的浓度均偏低。结果表明:紫外光度法具有良好的准确度和精确度,适用于长时间测定硫化氢混合气体浓度。     

自然环境超高加速光老化试验系统研制

目的 设计一种能够高效强化太阳紫外光辐射强度的自然环境加速试验设备,在自然环境环境中,用于高分子材料及制品、零部件的耐光老化高加速试验与快速评估。方法 自然环境超高加速光老化试验系统研制主要采用模块化设计思路,基于3个太阳辐射强化原理,开展紫外反射镜开发,设计系统总体结构、试验主机、太阳能供电分系统和控制分系统等,对主机结构进行有限元强度和变形量分析,开发以PLC为核心的控制系统和以触摸屏及计算机为媒介的人机交互软件。结果 研制的自然环境超高加速光老化试验系统采用太阳能清洁能源供电,实现了40倍以上的太阳紫外辐射强化。结论 研制的自然环境超高加速光老化试验系统加工与制造难度小,加速倍率高,环境友好,使用效费比高,更适用于户外装备用高分子材料及制品的耐光老化评估。     

UV/草酸铁/H2O2法处理乙草胺废水的研究

对UV/草酸铁/H2O2法处理乙草胺废水进行研究,考察了H2O2浓度、FeSO4浓度、K2C2O4浓度、pH值及反应时间对乙草胺去除效果的影响.结果表明,当H2O2/FeSO4/K2C2O4(化学剂量数比)=5051,H2O2/乙草胺初始COD(质量浓度比)=31时,该技术对乙草胺的去除率可达85%以上.这表明,采用UV/草酸铁/H2O2法可以有效地处理含乙草胺废水.     

Cu~(2+)/UV/H_2O_2去除水中盐酸四环素及动力学研究

对比了UV、Cu~(2+)/H_2O_2、UV/H_2O_2、Cu~(2+)/UV/H_2O_2体系对盐酸四环素(TC)的降解效果,考察了Cu~(2+)/UV/H_2O_2体系降解TC的影响因素,并进行了动力学分析。实验结果表明:Cu~(2+)的加入明显增强了UV/H_2O_2体系对TC的降解效果,反应60 min时,Cu~(2+)/UV/H_2O_2体系对TC的降解率相比UV/H_2O_2体系提高了24.82%;Cu~(2+)的最佳投加量为120μmol/L;pH对TC的降解影响较小;H_2O_2投加量、温度、紫外灯功率的增加均会增加TC的降解率。Cu~(2+)/UV/H_2O_2体系中TC的降解可用拟二级动力学方程描述,TC降解的活化能为15.56 kJ。     

Kinetics study on photochemical oxidation of polyacrylamide by ozone combined with hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet radiation

An investigation on the process of ozone combined with hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet radiation has been carried out in order to establish the kinetics for photochemical oxidation of polyacrylamide （PAM） in aqueous solution. Effects of operating parameters, including initial PAM concentration, dosages of ozone and hydrogen peroxide, UV radiation and pH value on the photochemical oxidation of PAM, have been studied. There was an increase in photochemical oxidation rate of PAM with increasing of dosages of 03, H2O2 and ultraviolet radiation. Upon increasing of the initial PAM concentration, the photochemical oxidation rate of PAM decreased. Slight effect of pH value on the photochemical oxidation rate of PAM was observed in the experiments. The kinetics equation for the photochemical oxidation of PAM by the system has been established.     

紫外光度法臭氧自动监测仪及其标准传递方法

随着我国经济的快速增长和城市化进程的不断加速,以臭氧为主的光化学污染问题已成为大气环境保护领域关注的重点、热点问题。对臭氧进行自动监测是环境管理和科学研究的需要,文中介绍了臭氧自动监测仪和臭氧量值溯源体系,重点探讨了臭氧监测干扰因素及标准传递方法,并通过实验比较验证了带光度计的臭氧校准仪具有较好的输出稳定性。     

Photoenhanced toxicity of a weathered oil onCeriodaphnia dubia reproduction

Traditionally, the toxic effects of petroleum have been investigated by conducting studies in the absence of ultraviolet radiation (UV). Photomediated toxicity is often not considered, and the toxic effects of an oil spill can be grossly underestimated. The toxicity of a weathered oil collected from a monitoring well at an abandoned oil field toCeriodaphnia dubia was examined in the presence of UV. A solar simulator equipped with UVB, UVA, and cool white lamps was used to generate environmentally comparable solar radiation intensities.C. dubia were exposed to six concentrations of water accommodated fractions (WAF) of weathered oil in conjunction with three levels of laboratory simulated UV (Reference = < 0.002 μW/cm²UVB; 3.0 μW/cm² UVA; Low = 0.30 μW/cm² UVB; 75.0 μW/cm² UVA; High = 2.0 μW/cm² UVB; 340.0 μW/cm² UVA) and visible light. Seven day static renewal bioassays were used to characterize WAF/UV toxicity. WAF toxicity significantly (p < 0.05) increased when the organisms were exposed to WAF in the presence of UV. The photoenhanced toxicity of the WAF increased with WAF concentration within each UV regime. Relative to the reference light regime, the average number of neonates from adults exposed to 1.6 mg TPH/L decreased significantly by 20% within the low light regime, and by 60% within the high light regime. These results indicate that organisms exposed to dissolved-phase weathered oil in the presence of environmentally realistic solar radiation, exhibit 1.3–2.5 times greater sensitivity, relative to organisms exposed under traditional laboratory fluorescent lighting.     

鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的紫外灭活及光复活抑制的研究

研究了鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的紫外失活动力学、在日光灯下的光复活现象以及氯对其光复活的抑制。结果表明,鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的紫外失活动力学曲线分为滞后区、一级动力学区、拖尾区三阶段,在PBS中的一级动力学失活速率常数为0.9041 cm2/mJ。而紫外灭活后的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌在日光灯下存在光复活。当紫外剂量为10 mJ/cm2时,鼠伤寒沙门氏菌在日光灯下照射3 h内发生明显的光复活,浓度从8.6×103CFU/mL增加到4.1×106 CFU/mL;但是在紫外消毒后,投加1 mg/L的氯可以有效抑制该细菌的光复活,投加2 mg/L的氯可以在10 min内全部灭活。因此,紫外-氯联合消毒能够有效的抑制鼠伤寒沙门氏菌细菌光复活,使其得到高效灭活。