河南省新型城镇化发展水平评价研究

为了综合测度新型城镇化发展水平,在分析新型城镇化内涵的基础上,运用熵值法构建了新型城镇化的三级评价指标体系,并采用2005-2012年数据对河南省新型城镇化综合发展程度、发展度、协调度和持续度进行了定量评价.结果表明,河南省新型城镇化发展态势良好,综合发展程度和发展度一直保持稳定的上升趋势;新型城镇化协调度总体上呈增长趋势,局部存在一定波动;持续度在研究期间内呈稳定态势.     

内蒙古城镇化与生态环境协调发展分析

以内蒙古自治区为例,利用2000-2012年的统计数据,采用主成分分析法分别对城镇化与生态环境两个子系统的综合水平进行测度.在此基础上,构建了城镇化与生态环境的协调发展模型,对内蒙古自治区不同年份城镇化与生态环境的协调发展度进行了动态分析.研究结果表明,2000-2012年内蒙古城镇化综合发展水平呈逐年上升趋势,生态环境综合水平呈波动增长的发展趋势,城镇化与生态环境协调发展演化周期经历了失调衰退、基本协调发展、协调发展3个阶段.     

2003-2012年中国城市化效率与生态效率的动态耦合研究

通过构建城市化效率和生态效率的指标体系,利用DEA模型、相对发展度模型和耦合度模型分析了2003-2012年中国30个省的城市化效率与生态效率相对发展水平和耦合水平.结果表明：①10年间耦合度整体上呈现平缓下降—缓慢上升的趋势,耦合水平较高;②中国城市化效率与生态效率耦合度的空间分布格局发生明显变化,三级梯度的分布空间规律逐渐被打破,呈现出交错分布的格局;③在城市化不断推进的过程中,由于经济水平、产业结构、生态环境等方面存在差异,各省份需要合理地平衡城市化效率与生态效率的发展,确保城市建设和生态建设地有序进行.     

中国滨海城镇化：空间模式、生态效应与管治策略

改革开放以来,我国滨海城镇化进程不断加快,呈现环湾型、陆岛型、新城型等空间模式,造成的生态效应错综复杂.新近颁布的《国家新型城镇化规划》进一步明确将沿海地区作为城镇化战略格局的重要轴线,生态效应更应得到高度关注.对此,完善生态管治是规避生态风险、应对生态问题的关键举措,要从加强滨海生态过程的链式管治、优化滨海城乡规划的综合效应、促进滨海多元主体的协同共治等方面着力推进,为我国沿海城市新型城镇化与陆海统筹战略的深入推进夯实基础.     

Assessing the Hydrologic and Water Quality Benefits of a Network of Stormwater Control Measures in a SE U.S. Piedmont Watershed

The hydrologic and water quality benefits of an existing engineered stormwater control measures (SCMs) network, along with the alternative stormwater control simulations, were assessed in the rapidly urbanizing Beaverdam Creek watershed located in SE U.S. Piedmont region through the use of distributed Model of Urban Stormwater Improvement Conceptualization stormwater model. When compared with predevelopment conditions, the postdevelopment watershed simulation without SCMs indicated a 2 times increase in total runoff volume, 3 times average increase in peak flow for 1.5‐3.2 cm 6‐h storm events, and 30 times, 12 times, and 3 times higher total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorous (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) loadings, respectively. The existing SCMs network, in comparison with the postdeveloped watershed without SCMs, reduced the average peak flow rates for 1.5‐3.2 cm 6‐h storm events by 70%, lowered the annual runoff volume by 3%, and lowered TSS, TP, TN annual loads by 57, 51, and 10%, respectively. A backyard rain garden simulation resulted in minimal additional reduction in TSS (1.6%), TP (0.4%), and TN (4%). Model simulations indicate that mandatory 85% TSS and 70% TP annual load reductions in comparison with the predevelopment levels would require the diversion of runoff from at least 70% of the contributing drainage areas runoff into additional offline bioretention basins.     

城市化对周边土壤资源与环境的影响

城市化快速发展对土壤资源产生巨大压力。因而对粮食安全与环境生态健康带来严峻挑战，作为一种非再生性自然资源，土壤的各种功能在城市化过程中强烈的人为活动影响下转化，演变和消失，那么，寻求城市化过程中土壤资源的可持续利用，在环境友好的模式下协调土壤自然生态与社会经济发展，最大限谋发挥土壤生态，生产和社会，经济功能，也是城市化快速发展的重要前提，也是最终实现可持续城市目标的基础。     

河西走廊绿洲城市化及可持续对策

本文分析了河西走廊绿州城市化现状 ,认为经济基础薄弱、产业结构不合理、水资源匮乏、生态环境脆弱是河西走廊绿洲城市化的主要限制因素 ,指出河西绿洲加速城市化应加大产业结构调整力度 ,系统规划城市建设 ,加强水资源统一管理和节水建设 ,大力发展教育事业和提高农业产业化水平     

Research on Jiuquan-Jiayuguan-Yumen Region''''s Dynamic Changing of Urbanization Based on Self-Organizing Model

1 INTRODUCTION Jiuquan-Jiayuguan-Yumen is the densest urban distribution area and its economic development is the best in Hexicorridor (Figure 1). The main industry of Jiuquan is the trade and processing of agricultural and sideline products[1]; as an important city in the Silk-Road, Jiayuguan depends on the smelting industry and tourism; and Yumen becomes the new petrochemical city basing on the current resources[2]. The distance between the three cities is not far from each other; es…     

珠江三角洲城镇用地扩展的城市化背景研究

在分析珠江三角洲1990～2000年的城镇用地扩展现状的基础上,论文采用城镇用地的综合扩展系数将珠江三角洲划分为强扩展型、弱扩展型和相对稳定型3种变化类型。同时,根据城市化发展阶段的划分和城市化与城镇用地扩展耦合系数的研究,揭示了城镇用地扩展强度与城市化发展水平的关系。最后,进一步从城市化发展的空间格局入手,分析了城镇用地扩展的特征。研究表明,1990～2000年珠江三角洲城镇用地的扩展与城市化的发展水平和空间发展格局直接相关。城镇用地的强扩展区除集中在以广州、深圳和珠海为顶点的三角区域内和重要交通轴线两侧外,还表现出以广州、深圳和珠海为核心,向周边地区扩展强度与数量递减的规律。     

MODELING TRANSIENT pH DEPRESSIONS IN COASTAL STREAMS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA USING NEURAL NETWORKS1

ABSTRACT: Transient events in water chemistry in small coastal watersheds, particularly pH depressions, are largely driven by inputs of precipitation. While the response of each watershed depends upon both the nature of the precipitation event and the season of the year, how the response changes over time can provide insight into landscape changes. Neural network models for an urban watershed and a rural‐suburban watershed were developed in an attempt to detect changes in system response resulting from changes in the landscape. Separate models for describing pH depressions for wet season and dry season conditions were developed for a seven year period at each watershed. The neural network models allowed separation of the effects of precipitation variations and changes in watershed response. The ability to detect trends in pH depression magnitudes was improved by analyzing neural network residuals rather than the raw data. Examination of sensitivity plots of the models indicated how the neural networks were affected by different inputs. There were large differences in effects between seasons in the rural‐suburban watershed whereas effects in the urban watershed were consistent between seasons. During the study period, the urban watershed showed no change in pH depression response, while the rural‐suburban watershed showed a significant increase in the magnitude of pH depressions, likely the result of increased urbanization.