江苏省化工行业LDAR逸散量占比核定方法研究

以江苏省为例,针对化工企业装置泄漏检测与修复(LDAR)逸散量和挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放总量定量分析,提出了一种核定典型化工行业LDAR逸散量占比的方法。结果表明:以间歇性生产为特点的有机化工类企业和以连续化生产为特点的石化类企业LDAR逸散量和VOCs排放总量均呈下降趋势;石化类企业LDAR逸散量占比呈下降趋势,有机化工类企业LDAR逸散量占比呈上升趋势;石化类企业LDAR逸散量占比远大于有机化工类企业,是无组织排放管控的重点;有机化工类企业LDAR逸散量占比虽然低,但对VOCs排放的贡献逐渐提高。     

原子吸收分光光度计的期间核查实例

期间核查是指采用简单实用并具相当可信度的方法,对可能造成质量不合格的测量设备或参考标准、基准、传递标准或者工作标准以及标准物质（参考物质）的某些参数,在两次相邻的定期检定／校准之间的时间间隔内进行检查,以判定设备是否保持着校准或检定时的准确度,以确保检测和校准结果的质量,并及时发现和纠正仪器设备因漂移、老化、破损、样品污染及其他未知原因造成的失准,确保仪器在使用期间一直保持良好的状态,维持检测结果的可信度。笔者在参阅资料和文献的基础上,对本单位的原子吸收分光光度计进行了一次期间核查,结果是各项指标均符合标准。     

Exploring Persistence in Streamflow Forecasting

In this study, the authors explore three persistence approaches in streamflow forecasting motivated by the need for forecasting model skill evaluation. The authors use streamflow observations with 15 min resolution from the year 2008 to 2017 at 140 United States Geological Survey streamflow gauges monitoring the streams and rivers over the State of Iowa. The spatial scale of the basins ranges from about 7 to 37,000 km². The study explores three approaches: simple persistence, gradient persistence, and anomaly persistence. The study shows that persistence forecasts skill has strong dependence on basin scales and weaker but non‐negligible dependence on geometric properties of the river network for a given basin. Among the three approaches explored, anomaly persistence shows highest skill especially for small basins, under about 500 km². The anomaly persistence can serve as a benchmark for model evaluations considering the effect of basin scales and geometric properties of river network of the basin. This study further reiterates that persistence forecasts are hard‐to‐beat methods for larger basin scales at short to medium forecast range.     

Global radioxenon emission inventory based on nuclear power reactor reports

Atmospheric radioactivity is monitored for the verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, with xenon isotopes ^131mXe, ¹³³Xe, ^133mXe and ¹³⁵Xe serving as important indicators of nuclear explosions. The treaty-relevant interpretation of atmospheric concentrations of radioxenon is enhanced by quantifying radioxenon emissions released from civilian facilities. This paper presents the first global radioxenon emission inventory for nuclear power plants, based on North American and European emission reports for the years 1995–2005. Estimations were made for all power plant sites for which emission data were unavailable. According to this inventory, a total of 1.3 PBq of radioxenon isotopes are released by nuclear power plants as continuous or pulsed emissions in a generic year.     

多元自回归模型在枯水径流预报中的应用

多元自回归模型在枯水径流预报中的应用冯国章，王双银，韦华艳（西北农业大学水利与建筑工程学院陕西杨陵７１２１００）关键词多元自回归模型，时间序列，枯水径流，模型评定，预报检验，作业预报ＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＨＥＭＵＬＴＩＶＡＲＩＡＴＥＡＵＴＯＲＥ...     

大型石化项目环境监理实践及工作方法探讨

基于某大型石化项目的环境监理实践,从环境监理方案及实施细则的编制、设计阶段环境监理、施工阶段环境监理3个方面阐述此类项目环境监理的要点及工作方法。设计阶段的主要工作是对环保设计文件、设计图纸及基础设计资料等材料的审查,审查的重点是项目的平面布置、生产规模、工艺路线、污染物特征及各污染物控制节点、环保治理设施的处理工艺及规模等与环评报告及批复的相符性。施工阶段环境监理的工作重点是施工单位环境管理、施工期环保达标监理、隐蔽工程监理、环境风险防范措施监理、环保设施符合性核查、批建相符性核查等几方面。并简要分析了环境监理成果的体现方式。     

Establishing a measurement,reporting, and verification system for climate finance in post-Paris agreement period

The measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) of climate finance was originated from discussions under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It has been one of the key issues of global climate negotiations since 2009 and will continue to be of significant importance in addressing climate change and strengthening international trust. This paper analyses the concept, the objective, and the progress of the MRV of climate finance based on reviews of the latest literature and think-tank reports regarding climate finance regime and MRV. Following the analysis, challenges faced with the MRV of climate finance are illustrated. This paper presents that the comparability of climate finance data needs to be improved due to the variety of methodologies used for disaggregating climate finance. In addition, the integrality of the MRV system of climate finance has been impaired by the lack of feedback mechanism from the recipients to the contributors in reporting system. Furthermore, although accounting system of climate finance has been developing and improving, it remains incapacity in providing accurate data on disbursed climate finance. Responding to the above challenges, this paper proposes the key tasks in establishing a comprehensive MRV system for climate finance at international level. The tasks involve developing a measurement system with consistent data basis and accounting basis, a reporting system with more detailed guidance and standardized formats, as well as a verification mechanism balancing top-down and bottom-up review processes. In the last section, this paper concludes that the establishment of an improved MRV of climate finance requires concerted cooperation and negotiations between developed and developing country Parties under the UNFCCC. As one of the few developing country donors to the Global Environmental Facility (GEF), China is suggested to clarify its propositions as a developing country in aspects such as concept, coverage, and architecture of climate finance and MRV system, and gain bargaining power in improving operating and technical rules of international climate finance regime.     

环境监测专用仪器环境技术认证路线初探

通过分析环境监测仪器环境技术评估的含义和目标,对比加拿大、美国以及我国目前有关环境技术评估的相关技术路线,结合环境监测仪器技术检测工作实践,建立适合我国国情的环境监测仪器环境技术评估管理体系,评估程序和相关规章制度,提出相关建议。     

复合填料一维冻胀量数值模拟分析

复合填料是以废铸砂、粉煤灰、聚苯乙烯颗粒(EPS)、水泥和水为原料,拌合后形成的一种轻质填筑材料。其中,EPS颗粒含量适当时,能减少或消除复合填料的冻胀和融沉,可作为季节性冻土区的路基填料。假设复合填料中除EPS颗粒外的骨料颗粒、孔隙冰为刚性介质,同时考虑EPS颗粒变形和填料孔隙变形对复合填料冻结过程的影响,在已有的冻土水热耦合分离冰模型的基础上,得到考虑EPS颗粒变形影响的饱和填料一维冻结水热耦合控制方程,进而预测填料的冻胀量。与室内模型试验结果对比表明,本文模型可用于该种具有弹性颗粒复合填料的冻胀量模拟,为工程中冻胀量预测提供依据。     

论环境监测站的能力验证工作

能力验证是利用实验室比对来确定实验室能力的活动,它是实验室认可、管理机构和实验室的用户评定实验室校准和检测能力的主要依据之一,对于实验室既是一种有效的外部质量保证活动,也是内部质量控制技术的重要补充,本文对环境监测站的能力验证活动作了阐述和分析。