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991.
Zuzanna Magdziak Marek Siwulski Mirosław Mleczek 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(10):784-789
The aim of study was to determine 9 organic acids in nine aboveground and seven wood-growing wild edible mushroom species originated from an area under the direct influence of a busy trunk road in Poland. The organic acids in the extracts of samples were identified by reversed-phase column liquid chromatography (RPLC). The presented results show that all the mushroom species were characterized by high variation in the profile and content of the analyzed acids. Each of mushroom species contained oxalic acid, the profiles of the other acids strictly depended on mushroom species. Among aboveground species, the highest total content of organic acids was found in Lepista gilva (267.5 ± 26.6 mg g?1 dry weight (DW)), while Laccaria amethystina was characterized by the lowest content (37.7 ± 6.5 mg g?1 DW). Within wood-growing species, the highest content of organic acids was determined in Flammulina velutipes (171.9 ± 26.7 mg g?1 DW), whereas the lowest content (34.2 ± 2.9 mg g?1 DW) of the studied acids was observed in Grifola frondosa. 相似文献
992.
993.
Farhad Ghamari Yadollah Yamini Farshid Ghorbani Shahna Abbas Moghimbeigi 《毒物与环境化学》2017,99(5-6):760-771
Hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction based on carrier-mediated transport for analysis of methyl hippuric acids in aqueous samples is described. Under optimized conditions, relative recoveries of 83%–98% and limits of detection of 2–3 µg L?1 were obtained, with linear calibration curves for the three isomers in the range of 10–50,000 µg L?1. The method was applied for the determination of urine samples of volunteers at various working environments. 相似文献
994.
城市生活垃圾外源微生物堆肥对有机酸变化及堆肥腐熟度的影响 总被引:20,自引:4,他引:16
利用外源微生物(美商复合菌,MS;中加发酵菌,ZJ)进行城市生活垃圾工厂化堆肥,在堆肥过程中,分析了小分子有机酸及大分子腐殖酸动态变化.结果表明,接种外源微生物可明显提高堆肥前期小分子有机酸含量,在堆肥后期又呈明显的降低趋势.而腐殖酸与胡敏酸则呈现先降低而后增加的趋势.通过对堆肥过程中有机酸、腐殖化指数分析表明,接种外源微生物可明显提高堆肥的腐熟度,并且ZJ发酵菌优于MS复合菌,而2种外源菌混合接种具有协同促进作用. 相似文献
995.
996.
The phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition was analyzed in two red soils experimentally contaminated with copper at different concentrations. The total amounts ofphospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in both red soils were significantly correlated with soil microbial biomass C and N, which decreased consistently with increasing levels of copper. The relative quantities of the PLFAs 17:0 (10 Me), i16:0, il 5:0 and 16:1w5c, decreased with increasing heavy metal concentration, while those of cyl7:0, which is an indicator of gram-negative bacteria, increased. The Shannon index calculated from the PLFA data indicated that Cu addition in the red soils decreased the population diversity of soil microbial communities. Multivariate analysis of PLFA data demonstrated that high levels of Cu application had a significant impact on microbial community structure and there is a threshold metal concentration for PLFA composition. Comparatively higher toxic effect on microbial biomass and community structure were found in the red sandy soil than those in the red clayey soil. The differential effect of Cu addition on microbial communities in the two soils may be due to differences in soil texture and cation exchange capacity. 相似文献
997.
Jackson MM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,116(1-3):363-382
The emission estimation of nine volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from eight organic liquids storage tanks companies in Dar-es-Salaam
City Tanzania has been done by using US EPA standard regulatory storage tanks emission model (TANKS 4.9b). Total VOCs atmospheric
emission has been established to be 853.20 metric tones/yr. It has been established further that petrol storage tanks contribute
about 87% of total VOCs emitted, while tanks for other refined products and crude oil were emitting 10% and 3% of VOCs respectively.
Of the eight sources (companies), the highest emission value from a single source was 233,222.94 kg/yr and the lowest single
source emission value was 6881.87 kg/yr. The total VOCs emissions estimated for each of the eight sources were found to be
higher than the standard level of 40,000 kg/yr per source for minor source according to US EPA except for two sources, which
were emitting VOCs below the standard level. The annual emissions per single source for each of the VOCs were found to be
below the US EPA emissions standard which is 2,000~kg/yr in all companies except the emission of hexane from company F1 which
was slightly higher than the standard. The type of tanks used seems to significantly influence the emission rate. Vertical
fixed roof tanks (VFRT) emit a lot more than externally floating roof tanks (EFRT) and internally floating roof tanks (IFRT).
The use of IFRT and EFRT should be encouraged especially for storage of petrol which had highest atmospheric emission contribution.
Model predicted atmospheric emissions are less than annual losses measured by companies in all the eight sources. It is possible
that there are other routes for losses beside atmospheric emissions. It is therefore important that waste reduction efforts
in these companies are directed not only to reducing atmospheric emissions, but also prevention of the spillage and leakage
of stored liquid and curbing of the frequently reported illegal siphoning of stored products. Emission rates for benzene,
toluene, and xylene were used as input to CALPUFF air dispersion model for the calculation of spatial downwind concentrations
from area sources. By using global positioning system (GPS) and geographical information system (GIS) the spatial benzene
concentration contributed by organic liquid storage tanks has been mapped for Dar-es-Salaam City. Highest concentrations for
all the three toxic pollutants were observed at Kigamboni area, possibly because the area is located at the wind prevailing
direction from the locations of the storage tanks. The model predicted concentrations downwind from the sources were below
tolerable concentrations by WHO and US-OSHA. The highest 24 hrs averaging time benzene concentration was used for risk assessment
in order to determine maximum carcinogenic risk amongst the population exposed at downwind. Established risk for adult and
children at 2.9×10-3 and 1.9×10-3 respectively, are higher than the acceptable US-EPA risk of 1×10-6. It is very likely that the actual VOCs concentrations in some urban areas in Tanzania including Dar-es-Salaam City are much
higher than the levels reported in this study when other sources such as petrol stations and motor vehicles on the roads are
considered. Tanzania Government therefore need to put in place: an air quality policy and legislation, establish air quality
guidelines and acquire facilities which will enable the implementation of air quality monitoring and management programmes. 相似文献
998.
999.
垃圾填埋场不同区域挥发性有机污染物季节变化特点 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过对北京某垃圾填埋场大气中不同区域挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)的定性和定量分析,研究了其中部分VOCs的季节性特点和浓度分布规律。结果表明,夏、冬2季分别检测出98种和86种化合物,有12种美国环保署(USEPA)优先控制污染物在夏、冬季样品中均有检出。夏季样品中VOCs的浓度大多比冬季高,有的甚至高1个数量级以上。采用不同卫生填埋技术的各代表性区域的臭气浓度也呈现出规律性变化。为加强科学管理,减少扩散,降低风险提供参考。 相似文献
1000.