A critique on neuroscientific methodologies in organizational behavior and management studies

Organizational neuroscience continues to flourish in organizational behavior and management studies as indicated by the growing number of publications. However, with a few exceptions, substantive critiques of organizational neuroscience are conspicuous by their absence. In this point–counterpoint article, we aim to redress this imbalance. We do so by asking two significant yet neglected questions: (i) how strong is the science behind this domain, and (ii) why are we doing this type of research (the so what? question)? Our analysis shows that the science behind organizational neuroscience is far less rigorous than currently advocated (due to low statistical power of some neuroimaging studies plus an inability to locate mental phenomena precisely in the brain). In terms of the so what? question, we encourage researchers to move away from general statements and become more specific about the phenomena they research. We contend that the practical implications of this research, as well as inferences of the link to behavioral changes, are currently overstated. We also underscore the importance for these studies to become contextually sensitive in order for the researchers to capture important events in the workplace. Finally, we offer some suggestions for future research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大孔弱碱性树脂对2,4-二硝基苯酚吸附性能的研究

研究了2,4-二硝基苯酚在D301大孔弱碱树脂上的吸附性能。结果表明:在283～313K和研究的浓度范围内,吸附行为符合Freundlich和Langmuir等温式,D301树脂对2,4-二硝基苯酚的平衡吸附容量为235.9mg/g,动态吸附容量为121.3mg/g。用质量分数为10%的氢氧化钠溶液作脱附剂,温度333K,体积为6BV(床体积)时,脱附率为89.2%,树脂脱附再生后可反复使用,并回收2,4-二硝基苯酚。     

弱阴离子交换-超滤两级纯化浓缩真鲷卵黄蛋白原

利用弱阴离子交换色谱,从雌激素17β-雌二醇诱导的真鲷鱼血清中分离纯化出卵黄蛋白原粗组分,以超滤法进一步除去杂质蛋白,并脱盐浓缩,获得纯度较高的卵黄蛋白原(Vtg),两级纯化得到的Vtg经常规聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(Native-PAGE)分析,证实真鲷鱼Vtg有三种形式,分子量分别为665kDa,635kDa和355kDa;变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析结果表明,它们由185kDa左右的蛋白亚基组成.     

镁盐改性活性炭对普拉红B的吸附性能研究

运用化学沉淀-原位复合法制得氢氧化镁/活性炭复合材料(Mg(OH)2/AC),对其比表面积和XRD谱进行了表征,考察了该复合材料对普拉红B的脱色性能.结果表明,在293～313 K下,Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型都能很好地描述Mg(OH)2/AC对普拉红B的等温吸附过程,而Langmuir模型更为合适...     

含厚层软弱夹层硬质围岩的变形破坏特性

以某隧道为背景,通过地质条件分析并结合FLAC3D数值模拟手段,采用对比含有厚层软弱夹层和不含软弱夹层的2个不同模型的方法,从地应力变化、塑性区开展、变形、下覆岩体受压和位移等角度分析了含厚层软弱夹层硬质围岩的变形破坏特性。发现对于含厚层软弱夹层和不含软弱夹层的这2个不同模型,地应力的差别较小,但都为不含节理的岩体的0.5倍或更小,因此认为节理是影响含厚层软弱夹层硬质围岩变性破坏的因素之一;而2个模型在塑性区开展、变形量、下覆岩体受压和位移等方面差别较大,因此认为厚层软弱夹层对硬质围岩的变形破坏起着显著作用。同时通过创建三维模型采用分步开挖的方法,模拟了含厚层软弱夹层硬质围岩的变形破坏过程,分析认为其具有隐蔽性和发生时间不确定性的特点。研究结果可为类似地质情况的隧道建设提供参考。     

可持续发展的“强”与“弱”--从自然资源消耗的生态极限谈起

可持续发展的标准有强弱之分，本文对这两种可持续发展观进行了理论梳理和介绍，以模型分别指出了实现这两种性质的可持续发展必须具备的基本条件，分析表明，忽略自然资源消耗生态极限的可持续发展是一种“弱”性质的可持续发展。     

加强我国高校应急管理能力建设的策略分析

从不同的角度考虑可将高校应急管理系统分为4个过程、12个环节、30个指标。通过对高校应急管理能力内涵结构的过程环节分析,指出我国高校应急管理能力的预防与总结学习是目前相对薄弱的方面,并对其中2个过程的6个环节进行深入探讨。根据当前我国高校应急管理的预防与学习环节的薄弱之处,提出综合加强高校应急管理能力的若干策略。并提出开展突发事件风险控制与预警管理工作、建设高校突发事件信息与档案平台等任务,是提升我国高校应急管理能力的关键措施。     

Mapping Land-Cover and Mangrove Structures with Remote Sensing Techniques: A Contribution to a Synoptic GIS in Support of Coastal Management in North Brazil

This article deals with the development and application of a cartographic database for a synoptic Geographic Information System (GIS). Its purpose is the storage and evaluation of the heterogeneous datasets of the interdisciplinary scientific research program MADAM (Mangrove Dynamics and Management), which aims to develop recommendations for a tailored integrated coastal management scheme for the mangrove ecosystem at Bragança (North Brazil). The article describes the integration of remote sensing data, aerial photographs, as well as point data provided by fieldwork from different scientific fields. Using various innovative processing techniques and different scale-resolution levels, an assessment of temporal–spatial changes of the mangrove peninsula and the adjacent rural socioeconomic impact area, the type of mangrove structure, as well as a land-use cover analyses was undertaken. The definition of the spatial level of detail was found to be a major issue in the development of the GIS, as well as during the processing and analysis procedures. A division between strong and weak patterns in the mangrove ecosystem could be made, which implies different management measures and sets of specific interdisciplinary studies and monitoring at hierarchical scales.     

浙东沿海上白垩统小雄组的建立

浙东临海、三门东部的小雄盆地，发育一套中酸偏碱性的火山岩。长期以来，将其称为塘上组。详细的地质调查研究表明；这套火山岩与以天台盆地为代表的塘上组，在火山岩岩石组合、层序、古生物化石组合和同位素年龄等均不相同。火山岩是超覆于永康群馆头组、朝川组和小平田组之上，成岩时代在８５—９８Ｍａ，产晚白垩世翼龙和鸟类化石，是晚白世的喷发一沉积产物。为一独立的具有自身特色的岩石地层单位，故建立新的岩石地层单位一小雄组。     

洋山海域工程前后水动力特征分析

洋山海域自2002年建港工程以来,先后封堵了北岛链三个过水汊道,使得海域附近水动力结构发生显著变化。采用工程前后大量水动力实测资料,并结合数值计算结果,对洋山海域工程前后的水动力特征进行了综合分析。研究结果表明:工程后大部分海域涨潮流速降低,但小洋山前沿除外;整个海域落潮流速度增加,但地形急剧缩窄的东口门区域增幅并不显著。讨论认为,地转偏向力显著增强了海域北部区域特别是小洋山前沿海域的涨潮流速,是小洋山岛屿前沿海域涨潮流速工程后维持不变的重要原因;受南岛链不规则岸线的影响,地转偏向力对落潮流影响不显著。工程后各汊道的封堵使得落潮流外泄不畅而发生壅水,使得工程后涨潮时段海域水位低于工程前,没有壅水现象发生。工程后的涨、落憩流时段均形成了较大范围、较长时段的弱流场。