Comparative study of microbial community structure in di erent filter media of constructed wetland

Comparisons of microbial community structure, in eight filter media of zeolites, anthracite, shale, vermiculite, ceramic filter media, gravel, steel slag and bio-ceramic, were undertaken by analyzing the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition. A total of 20 fatty acids in the range of C11 to C20 were determined but only 13 PLFAs were detected in steel slag. They consist of saturated fatty acids, branched fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The variation of fatty acids was revealed in the relative proportions of these fatty acids in di erent media. The aerobic prokaryotes were the predominant group in all media. The PLFA composition showed significant di erences among the eight di erent media by Tukey’s honestly test. It was found that steel slag was significantly di erent in the microbial community as compared to other filter media, probably due to its alkaline e uent. Steel slag alone is probably not a good choice of substratum in constructed wetlands. The principle components analysis (PCA) showed that zeolites, bio-ceramic, shale and vermiculite had a similar microbial community structure while steel slag and ceramic filter media were distinct from other media.     

垂直潜流人工湿地堵塞微观概念模型的提出

根据垂直潜流人工湿地发生堵塞的成因主要是基质层中不可滤物质积累的结论,在分析垂直潜流人工湿地堵塞物形态及成分粒径的基础上,首次提出了基质间不可滤物质积累微观概念模型的假设;并根据微观概念模型,在考虑生物膜、无机物积累等动态变化因素条件下提出基质间完全堵塞所需时间、基质表面发生雍水所需时间及基质渗透系数随时间变化的关系.     

Performance of a water hyacinth （Eichhornia crassipes） system in the treatment of wastewater from a duck farm and the effects of using water hyacinth as duck feed

Nowadays, intensive breeding of poultry and livestock of large scale has made the treatment of its waste and wastewater an urgent environmental issue, which motivated this study. A wetland of 688 m2 was constructed on an egg duck farm, and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was chosen as an aquatic plant for the wetland and used as food for duck production. The objectives of this study were to test the role of water hyacinth in purifying nutrient-rich wastewater and its effects on the ducks’ feed intake, egg laying performance and egg quality. This paper shows that the constructed wetland removed as much as 64.44% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 21.78% of total nitrogen (TN) and 23.02% of total phosphorus (TP). Both dissolved oxygen (DO) and the transparency of the wastewater were remarkably improved, with its transparency 2.5 times higher than that of the untreated wastewater. After the ducks were fed with water hyacinth, the average daily feed intake and the egg-laying ratio in the test group were 5.86% and 9.79% higher, respectively, than in the control group; the di erences were both significant at the 0.01 probability level. The egg weight in the test group was 2.36% higher than in the control group (P < 0.05), but the feed conversion ratios were almost the same. The eggshell thickness and strength were among the egg qualities significantly increased in ducks fed with water hyacinth.We concluded that a water hyacinth system was e ective for purifying wastewater from an intensive duck farm during the water hyacinth growing season, as harvested water hyacinth had an excellent performance as duck feed. We also discussed the limitations of the experiment.     

四湖地区湿地资源及其开发

对四湖地区的湿地资源进行了三个方面的探讨和研究:湿地类型及其特征;湿地开发及其存在的问题;湿地资源合理开发模式研究。     

论地质条件对滑坡发育的影响：以云南昭通地区为例

本文以云南昭通地区为例,探讨了地质条件对滑坡发育的影响。并运用灰色系统理论的关联度分析方法进行了分析和计算。     

1991年世界地震灾情及地震活动特征

为适应“国际减灾十年活动”的需要,系统整理了1991年世界地震灾情及重要地震。统计结果表明:全世界1991年全年因地震死亡人数为2084人,中国只有一人;受伤人数约6500人,中国将近700人;倒塌房屋约62万间。全年直接经济损失粗略估算,国外2.7～3.2亿美元,国内约3.3亿人民币。对1991年度地震活动特点进行了简要分析。     

江西吉泰盆地南坑石膏矿床控矿因素分析及找矿前景

南坑石膏矿床位于赣中南泰和县吉泰盆地,是目前在赣中南早禾凹陷中发现的唯一石膏矿床.层状含膏层赋存於上白垩统周田组中.按其分布分为东、西二个矿段,东矿段（8-22线）和西矿段（7-0线）,矿化总面积为29 km^2.初步分析表明,矿床严格受地层、构造古地理环境、古气候等因素控制.以往对矿床地质评价工作程度较低,今后需重新评价,以扩大矿床规模.矿区外围的泰和凹陷、早禾凹陷和桐坪凹陷,成矿地质条件与南坑石膏矿床类似,而且在泰和凹陷已发现石膏矿层,是外围找矿最有利的远景区.     

丹东市湿式脱硫除尘器的现状评价

湿式脱硫除尘器取代干式除尘器后除尘效率有较大提高，但它用水量大，腐蚀严重，SO2污染加重，运转费用和操作难度大。对改进湿式脱硫除尘器的脱硫、除尘、消烟、设备维护等提出了保证措施。     

典型湿地沉积物中硝酸盐异化还原成铵的细菌群落结构的研究

为研究中国典型湿地沉积物硝酸盐异化还原成铵过程(Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium,DNRA)的群落组成,针对DNRA过程的功能基因nrfA进行高通量测序.选取中国典型湿地岸边带的表层沉积物8个样点,质控后每个样品得到60000条序列,在相似度≥90%得到279个OTUs进行生态学分析.由基因丰度值显示:8个湿地沉积物的丰度为(6.69±0.28)×10~7～(8.44±0.48)×10~8 copies g~(-1).多样性分析(OTUs水平)结果表明:本研究的湿地沉积物样点中,南方湿地沉积物样点的多样性要高于北方样点.对代表OTUs进行分类,共定义到8个门(Phylum),23个属(Genus).其中相对丰度最高的3个属为Anaeromyxobacter(24.71%)、Anaerolinea(9.70%)和Dokdonella(7.94%),表明三者在群落组成中占主导地位.PCoA分析(OTUs水平)表明南北方地区差异是导致中国湿地沉积物中DNRA菌群结构不同的最主要影响因素.结合沉积物理化因子分析,DNRA细菌的丰度与碳氮比、年平均降水量及年平均温度呈显著正相关.本研究在一定程度上揭示了中国典型湿地沉积物DNRA细菌的群落组成、多样性及其与环境因子的关系.     

济-菏高速公路建设对稻屯洼湿地的影响及保护措施研究

高速公路是经济发展的重要基础设施,修建高速公路,提高公路网的密度是社会经济发展的基础.然而,高速公路穿越湿地也造成了湿地面积的不断减少、湿地生态环境的严重破坏等问题.正在建设的济-菏高速公路穿越稻屯洼湿地,公路建设过程及建成运营后都会对稻屯洼湿地的生态环境产生影响.针对这一问题,文章介绍了济-菏高速和稻屯洼湿地的基本概况,分析了公路建设对湿地环境的影响,在此基础上提出了湿地生态环境的保护措施.