试析我国湿地的退化、保护与恢复

湿地是地球表层最具独特的生态系统和过渡性景观,是地球表层系统最重要的"物种基因库",又是人类重要的经济、文化、科学和生活资料库.世界保护大纲将湿地与森林、海洋一起并列为全球三大生态系统.20世纪70年代以来,全球性的湿地消失和退化危机引发了严重的生态环境和社会问题,直接威胁到区域、国家乃至全球的可持续发展.本文从湿地的界定开始,分析了我国湿地的退化、保护与恢复,相信在我国政府和人民的共同努力下,我国湿地一定会恢复往日的景象.     

上海市市区、郊区NO2、SO2和PM10的时空变化规律及相关性分析

在对上海市嘉定区大气污染物SO2、NOx和PM10连续1年的观测基础上，结合上海环境状况公报的数据，探讨了市区、郊区大气污染物的空间和时间变化规律。结果表明，2005年中NO2、SO2和PM10的质量浓度在市区和郊区均是冬春两季高，夏秋两季低；NO2、SO2和PM10浓度在市区要高于郊区；郊区大气污染物的月变化幅度要比市区大，市区PM10污染有增加趋势。根据气象条件分析，嘉定区周边工业污染对NO2、SO2和PM10的浓度有贡献，市区NO2、SO2和PM10的质量浓度则与机动车尾气、工业燃煤，建筑扬尘和道路扬尘等诸多因素有关。相关性分析表明，上海市NO2、SO2和PM10相互之间存在比较强的相关性。     

环评现状调查中存在的问题及对策探析

环境现状调查所获得的区域环境质量参数值是建设项目环境影响评价的背景资料,其科学性直接影响到能否得出科学、可信的环评结论.在此针对现状调查工作开展过程中出现的随意套用现有资料、监测资料准确性和可用性差等问题,通过实例分析若干应重点关注的因素和规范的操作,更好地促进现状调查工作满足环境影响评价的需求.     

遗传双线性模型在海洋冰情预测中的应用

提出了一套建立双线性模型（ＢＭ）的简便方案。用作者研制的加速遗传算法可同时估计ＢＭ模型各参数,成功地解决了ＢＭ建模这一难题,为ＢＭ模型的广泛应用提供了强有力的工具。实例的计算结果说明,这套方法在海洋冰情预测中是可行而有效的,通过利用预测过程中产生的残差信息进行反馈矫正,保证了ＢＭ模型高的拟合粗度和稳健的预测性能,增强了ＢＭ对复杂非线性动态系统的适应性。该方案具有一般性,在各种非线性时序动态预测中具     

黑岱沟露天煤矿排土场果园景观生态建设研究

本文通过对黑岱沟露天煤矿开发所形成新的人工环境条件下的气候和土壤等因子分析，应用景观生态学原理，规划建设了以观赏为主的果园观生态建设。通过对所载植果树和其它乔灌木的观测研究，筛选出了适宜于排土场生长的杏树、苹果梨、１２３苹果、山桃等果树品种，以及油松、旱柳、榆树、沙棘、玫瑰和先辈乔灌木品种，完成了排土场的景观生态建设工作，为矿区大面积土地复垦提供了依据。     

抚仙湖马料河人工湿地水质净化效果评估研究

从污染物去除百分率、污染物削减量及污染物表面负荷去除量等不同角度对抚仙湖马料河人工湿地的水质净化效果进行了分析,结果表明TN、NH3-N和TP的平均去除率分别约为60%、60%和50%,平均削减量约为14kg/d、5kg/d和1kg/d,去除污染物表面负荷平均为0.72g/m2.d、0.22g/m2.d、0.06g/m2.d。     

宁蒗地区铜厂河铜矿控矿条件与热液成矿模式探讨

宁蒗地区铜厂河铜矿系喜山期隐伏斑岩体外接触带玄武岩系热液型铜矿床 ,其主要含矿、赋矿层位为上二叠统玄武岩组 (P2 β)与黑泥哨组 (P2h)玄武岩系 ,主干控矿构造为南北向断裂体系。矿区NWW向F1断裂为阻矿构造 ,铜矿化均产于其下盘 (南盘 ) ;NE向F2 、F3 断裂将本区分成三个不同矿化特征的矿段。通过对矿区铜矿的碳、氧、硫等稳定同位素和包裹体分析及成矿热液演化特征探讨 ,建立了铜厂河铜矿热液成矿模式     

Landscape planning and ecology construction of wetland comprehensive protected area system in the Sanjiang Plain

Wetland is one of the richest biodiversity areas in the earth. The main purpose of establishing wetland protected area is to protect biodiversity, and the protection of ecosystem diversity and landscape diversity is the key to protect biodiversity. In order to protect regional ecosystem and landscape, it is a good way to establish wetland comprehensive protected area which connected wetland nature reserves by habitat corridors. The Sanjiang Plain as a study area, its landscape evaluation index system on wetland protected area was studied, and some problems on landscape planning and ecology construction were further approached in this paper. It showed that establishing wetland comprehensive protected area is very important to protect regional wetlands, to maintain ecological balance,and to improve the sustainable development of agriculture and industry in this region.     

Offspring sex ratio in relation to parental structural size and body condition in the long-lived wandering albatross (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Diomedea exulans</Emphasis>)

Sex ratio theory is one of the most controversial topics in evolutionary ecology. Many deviations from an equal production of males and females are reported in the literature, but few patterns appear to hold across species or populations. There is clearly a need to identify fitness effects of sex ratio variation. We studied this aspect in a population of a long-lived seabird, the wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans), using molecular sex-identification techniques. We report that parental traits affect both (1) fledgling traits in a sex-dependent way and (2) chick sex: Sons are overproduced when likely to be large at fledging and, to a lesser extent, daughters are overproduced when likely to be in good body condition at fledging. Because for the same population, a previous study reported that post-fledging survival was positively affected by size in males and by body condition in females, our results suggest that wandering albatrosses manipulate offspring sex to increase post-fledging survival.     

七里海湿地的生态修复

七里海——地处天津市宁河县西南部，属典型的沼泽湿地，国家级古海岸与湿地自然保护区。近年来，它的面积不断缩小，水源枯竭，区域分割，植物群落衰颓，动物种类减少。针对上述问题分别提出了相应的生态修复对策与建议。