矿工工作压力对心理社会安全行为的影响机理及实证研究

为研究工作压力对矿工心理社会安全行为的影响机理,探讨安全心理资本的中介作用以及心理社会安全氛围的调节作用,从积极心理学视角出发,对203名一线矿工进行实证分析。研究结果表明:矿工的安全心理资本在其工作压力与心理社会安全行为的负向关系中起中介作用;心理社会安全氛围能调节工作压力与安全心理资本之间的关系;心理社会安全氛围能够调节安全心理资本在工作压力与心理社会安全行为关系间的中介作用。     

论生产安全事故救援费用的承担机制

为了实现重大生产安全事故救援费用的公平负担,保障救援机制的可持续性,通过规范分析和比较分析,探讨了在第三方队伍参与救援的情况下,重大生产安全事故救援费用的承担原则和实现机制。研究结果表明:第三方队伍参与事故救援所产生的当次费用原则上必须由事故责任单位承担,但在其拖欠费用或者暂时缺乏支付能力的情况下,应当由承担应急救援职责的事发地政府先行垫付;由此在事发地政府和事故责任单位之间产生的是公法之债,可以通过行政强制执行的方式加以追偿。     

新体制下我国安全生产执法队伍改革问题探讨

为研究探讨我国安全生产执法队伍的改革方向和政策建议,分析了2018年国家机构改革对安全生产执法队伍产生的影响,以及我国安全生产执法队伍存在的法律地位不明确、职责任务不清晰、人员数量不足等问题,介绍了美英等工业化国家安全监管执法的经验和我国5个行业领域综合执法队伍改革的政策要求。研究提出:我国安全生产执法队伍改革的大方向是“大安全综合”“检查、处罚和强制执行三权分离”的行政执法队伍体制,力量配置上主要是以设区市为主体组建市级安全生产综合执法队伍、县级执法队伍作为其派出机构实行“局队合一”体制。     

‘It's off to work we go!’ Person–environment fit and turnover intentions in managerial and administrative mining personnel

Purpose. Person–environment fit asserts that incompatibility between an employee and aspects of their work environment is more likely to lead to occupational stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact that varying levels of person–environment fit had on key criterion outcomes including work engagement, work-related wellbeing and turnover intentions in a unique sample of managerial and administrative mining personnel. Method. An online self-report survey was distributed to an Australian mining organization by the company’s Chief Executive Officer. Anonymous survey links were sent to staff, of which 118 participants responded. The survey consisted of previously validated measures. Results. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed significant relationships between abilities–demand fit, needs–supply fit and work engagement. Additionally, work-related wellbeing was significantly associated with increased person–organization fit and needs–supply fit. However, only needs–supply fit had a significant negative relationship with turnover intentions. Needs–supply fit significantly predicted all criterion variables. Conclusions. This study found that personal need fulfilment through work-related activities had the most significant impact on work-related wellbeing and work engagement. Personal need fulfilment through work also produced the most significant negative relationship with turnover intentions.     

FMEA and consideration of real work situations for safer design of production systems

Production equipment designers must ensure the health and safety of future users; in this regard, they augment requirements for standardizing and controlling operator work. This contrasts with the ergonomic view of the activity, which recommends leaving operators leeway (margins for manoeuvre) in performing their task, while safeguarding their health. Following a brief analysis of design practices in the car industry, we detail how the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) approach is implemented in this sector. We then suggest an adaptation that enables designers to consider real work situations. This new protocol, namely, work situation FMEA, allows experience feedback to be used to defend the health standpoint during designer project reviews, which usually only address quality and performance issues. We subsequently illustrate the advantage of this approach using two examples of work situations at car parts manufacturers: the first from the literature and the second from an in-company industrial project.     

环境监测现场工作流程解析

在监测准备过程中,按照明确监测内容,收集现场资料,制定监测方案,监测人员落实及培训,监测仪器材料准备;在现场监测过程中,按照到达监测现场安顿,现场监测前评估,开始监测采样,监测资料数据收集,样品保存与运输;在监测结束过程中,按照监测结束评估,监测现场恢复,样品及资料交接,返回前最后检查,监测设备交接,进行监测总结等现场监测的基本过程,对环境监测中现场工作流程进行了解释和分析.     

A rigorous test of a model of employees' resource recovery mechanisms during a weekend

Employees' recovery from the effects of occupational stress can be affected by their actions during time away from work. Conservation of resources theory argues that a key to an effective stress recovery process is the replenishment of resources during off‐work time (a weekend in the present study). We test a model of the stress recovery process during a weekend whereby two recovery mechanisms (weekend activities and recovery experiences) improve two personal resources (self‐regulatory capacity and state optimism), subsequently affecting psychological outcomes (work engagement and burnout) at the start of the next workweek. Employees (n = 233) from various jobs responded to online surveys before and after a weekend. Controlling for pre‐weekend resource levels and psychological outcomes assessed on Friday, the two weekend stress recovery mechanisms (weekend activities and recovery experiences) contributed to improving or maintaining self‐regulatory and optimism resources on Monday. Of note, psychological detachment may result in less rather than more of the resource of state optimism on Monday. Monday resource levels were linked to improved work engagement and burnout. As proposed by conservation of resources theory, employees can benefit from participating in activities that replenish resources necessary to meet work demands upon returning to work after a weekend. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Perceived social impact,social worth,and job performance: Mediation by motivation

This study was designed to test the relationship between perceived social impact, social worth, supervisor‐rated job performance (1 month later), and mediating effects by commitment to customers and work engagement. The hypotheses were tested with structural equation modeling analysis in a field study with 370 customer‐service employees from bank, retail, and sales positions. Results confirm that perceived social impact is associated with better job performance and that this relationship is mediated by work engagement. Furthermore, results support a second mediating mechanism in which perceived social impact and social worth are associated with engagement through affective commitment to customers. Finally, it was found that engaged employees are rated as better performers by supervisors 1 month later. This study supports the motivational approach to performance and highlights the role that interactions with customers may play in motivating service employees. Practical implications are discussed by highlighting the need to consider the social dynamics in service contexts. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adapting to new realities: an analysis of institutional work in three cases of Dutch infrastructure planning

The social and institutional context of infrastructure planning has shifted tremendously over recent decades. From top–down implementation, infrastructure planners are now forced to incorporate the demands and wishes of citizens and other external stakeholders. This paper adopts the analytical perspective of institutional work to analyse how a number of Dutch infrastructure planning organisations try to remain in control over these changes in their institutional context. Building on social systems thinking, this paper distinguishes three environments in which this control can play out: the internal environment over which an organisation has complete control, an external environment over which an organisation has little control and a transactional environment where the organisation, through its interactions with other actors, can influence institutional development. The paper concludes that while most forms of institutional work applied by the infrastructure planning organisations under study aim to change the organisations’ interactions with stakeholders, the forms of institutional work are predominantly located within the internal environment of planning organisations.     

谈谈苯作业场所的综合防护措施

提出了苯作业场所中的几点防护措施。