基于层次模糊综合评价的安全标准化成熟度评价

为了实现对轧钢企业安全生产标准化体系的系统性分析与评估,并为企业的安全标准化体系提供一条分级提升的路径,基于过程改进的原理,将安全标准化体系发展水平分为5个等级,构建安全标准化体系成熟度模型。对轧钢企业安全标准化评分标准进行整合,建立评价指标体系、确定指标权重。通过调查问卷确定成熟度的隶属度,根据单因素评价指标结果绘制柱状图,分析影响轧钢企业安全标准化成熟度的主要因素。采用层次模糊综合评价法,量化评估企业安全标准化成熟度。结果表明,该模型的评价结论与该企业实际情况吻合度较高。     

Sometimes less is more: Directed coping with interpersonal stressors at work

Within the coping literature, researchers have long been interested in identifying ways in which individuals can improve their coping efforts, making them more effective and thereby reducing the harmful effects of stressful encounters. Although Lazarus and Folkman's transactional model has greatly advanced understanding of the coping process, there continues to be methodological and conceptual challenges that have hindered understanding of the mechanisms behind effective coping. Addressing these issues in the use of a novel approach of analyzing variation in coping (i.e., directed coping) at both the coping event and person coping levels, the current study examined the process of coping with work stress and the beneficial coping outcomes associated with using a directed coping strategy. A total of 143 nurses completed up to 12 weekly surveys online, reporting on weekly stressful interpersonal conflicts and how they coped with them. Results from multilevel analyses supported predictions that greater directed coping at both the level of the coping event and person is associated with improvements in occupational health outcomes even after controlling for other coping factors. Implications of these results are discussed in relation to future research on coping effectiveness and workplace applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Emotional labor threatens decent work: A proposal to eradicate emotional display rules

Emotional labor—the management of emotional displays as part of one's work role—has emerged as a growth area of study within organizational behavior and customer service research. In this article, we call attention to the human costs of “service with a smile” requirements with little benefits. We first review the evidence showing that requiring positive emotions from employees induces dissonance and depleted resources, which hinders task performance and threatens well‐being. We articulate how formalized emotion display requirements limit self‐determination by threatening the autonomy, competence, and belongingness needs of employees. Further, via an organizational justice lens, we argue that emotional labor is an unfair labor practice because employees in such circumstances are (1) undervalued by the organization (constituting distributive injustice); (2) disrespected by customers (constituting interactional injustice); and (3) self‐undermined by organizational policies (constituting procedural injustice). We then argue for bringing light to the dark side of emotional labor with a “modest proposal”: Organizations and customers should abandon formalized emotion display expectations and replace such efforts with more humanistic practices that support and value employees, engendering positive climates and an authentically positive workforce. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈如何做好工业企业厂界噪声监测质量保证工作

针对如何做好工业企业厂界噪声监测质量保证工作问题,文中介绍了如何做好监测前的质量保证工作,包括监测人员的保证作用、监测方法的保证作用、噪声监测仪的保证作用、噪声校准仪的保证作用,探讨了对现场监测质量测定的影响因素,主要包括对气象要求、测量工况、监测情况调查、测点位置、测量时间、背景噪声值扣除、人为噪声的排除和测量记录对监测质量的影响,并对监测数据进行了处理及分析,这有益于做好工业企业厂界噪声监测质量保证工作。     

Boundary organisations and their strategies: Three cases in the Wadden Sea

This article discusses three empirical cases of boundary organisations, within the context of the Wadden Sea: the Wadden Academy, IMSA Amsterdam and the NCEA. The research aims to provide further insights into how boundary organisations work in practice. The research shows that the role of a boundary organisation can be fulfilled by different types of organisations (not solely scientific). Depending on the science–policy interaction problem they face, a boundary organisation can have different goals and use different strategies. Furthermore, the strategic use of media outputs, and the degree of actuality and public debate can have a substantial influence on the practices of boundary organisations.     

浅谈原油管道用火安全技术与措施

介绍了原油管道用火作业的特点，对原油管道用火作业的安全技术方法和措施进行分析，为今后原油管道用火作业技术提供了经验借鉴。     

Scientists versus policy-makers: Building capacity for productive interactions across boundaries in the urban water sector

This paper critically reflects on a trial process for building the capacity of researchers to influence policy-makers in the urban water sector in Australia. Framed as an action research inquiry, this study brought together multidisciplinary teams of researchers to make policy pitches to simulated panels of current and former politicians, senior bureaucrats and industry representatives. The simulations were analysed with respect to tactics for pitching, methods of communication, use of evidence and participants’ reflections on the experience. Participants effectively used scientific research evidence to support a broad vision of water sensitive cities, but were less effective in articulating risk analyses, assessing economic impacts, and proposing appropriate policy instruments to enable their proposed visions to be operationalised. Dramaturgical analysis highlighted the implications of positioning scientists versus policy-makers, which ‘typecast’ participants in roles that restricted scientists’ ability to credibly argue policy ideas. It is proposed that teams of scientists and policy-makers ‘rehearse’ together to manage expectations, develop arguments that will cut through in policy contexts, and produce ideas that shape and are shaped and improved by the policy context.     

Land Degradation Problems and Their Implications for Food Shortage in South Wello, Ethiopia

/ Understanding the problems of land degradation and seeking long-lasting solutions to these problems should be one of the central concerns of countries such as Ethiopia where agriculture is the mainstay of no less than 85% of the population. To this end, the collaboration of policy makers, researchers, donor agencies, and the local people is indispensable. In this paper an attempt is made to discuss the causes of land degradation and the reasons for the failure in the endeavors made to solve the problems. Possible solutions, which may help to ameliorate the situation, are also suggested. The study deals with South Wello (a region in northern Ethiopia), but the assessment is, by and large, a reflection of most of the highlands in the country. KEY WORDS: Agroforestry; Donor agencies; Food for work; Hillside closures; Land rehabilitation; Local participation; Population growth; Reforestation     

A new role for citizens’ initiatives: the difficulties in co-creating institutional change in urban planning

In this paper, we analyze the institutional work that underlies the attempt to institutionalize a more active role of citizens in urban planning. We draw on a case in which a group of citizens aims to redevelop a brownfield site into a vital urban area. This citizens’ initiative is co-creating a new form of urban planning with the municipality, private organizations and individual citizens. The study shows how citizens’ initiatives can be a driver for institutional change, but that uncertainties about new institutions tend to reinforce the maintenance of existing ones. This paradox explains why even if the ambition for a new form of planning is widely shared, actually realizing institutional change can still be difficult and time-consuming.     

A survey on occupational accidents’ reporting and registration systems in the European Union

This paper presents the results of a survey on the procedures for reporting occupational accidents in the EU countries. It focuses particularly on the reporting and registration systems, as well as on the main characteristics of National Databases being used for the production of official statistics. The survey shows that many European countries have different methods and procedures for collecting and compiling data on occupational accidents, which inevitably pose problems when comparing accident statistics between the EU member states.The paper includes a brief review of the main goals and achievements of the European Project ESAW (European Statistics on Accidents at Work), which was launched in 1990 by the Eurostat (European Statistics), for the harmonisation of occupational accidents’ statistics among the member states. It is believed that the new variables being introduced by the harmonised methodology will quickly affect the way in which managers and insurance companies carry out their current procedures in several EU member states.The International Labour Organisation (ILO) recommendations and the future trends are also analysed. In conclusion, the study identifies opportunities for further development and research in the reporting and registration systems of occupational accidents.