全工班呼吸性粉尘测定及防尘措施研究

针对呼吸性粉尘对矿井工人身体健康的危害,对煤矿综采工作面、综掘工作面、炮掘工作面等进行分工种个体性的全尘和呼尘监测,测定了各工作面粉尘(全尘和呼尘)的浓度、粉尘分散度和SiO2浓度。其结果表明:全工班呼吸性粉尘测定的方法更加真实可靠,更真实地反映了呼吸性粉尘对井下各操作工种的致病危害,测得的各工作面各工种的呼尘浓度均高于国家标准。通过数据的分析以及工人的建议,提出了一些新式的、有效的防尘措施来降低呼吸性粉尘对人体健康的危害。     

What matters for work engagement? A diary study on resources and the benefits of selective optimization with compensation for state work engagement

This diary study addresses the benefits of employees' daily use of selective optimization with compensation (SOC) for state work engagement. We hypothesized that day‐level SOC not only directly fosters work engagement but that SOC also reveals its beneficial effects for work engagement in interaction with both external and internal resources. Specifically, we proposed SOC substitutes for job control, role clarity, and state of being recovered, thus helping employees manage low daily levels of these resources. We tested our hypotheses with a sample of 138 employees who completed two daily surveys over a total of 545 workdays. Results of multilevel analyses revealed that SOC benefits work engagement in both proposed ways. First, day‐level SOC was positively related to state work engagement. Additionally, day‐level role clarity and state of being recovered predicted state work engagement, but day‐level job control did not. Second, SOC benefitted state work engagement by offsetting low levels of role clarity and being recovered, and by boosting job control in their respective relationships with work engagement. The results suggest that by using SOC at work, employees can actively enhance their own work engagement on a given workday. This knowledge provides promising starting points for the development of interventions.     

A comparative study of vocational education and occupational safety and health training in China and the UK

In order to enhance Chinese workers’ occupational safety awareness, it is essential to learn from developed countries’ experiences. This article investigates thoroughly occupational safety and health (OSH) in China and the UK; moreover, the article performs a comparison of Chinese and British OSH training-related laws, regulations and education system. The following conclusions are drawn: China’s work safety continues to improve, but there is still a large gap compared with the UK. In China a relatively complete vocational education and training (VET) system has been established. However, there exist some defects in OSH. In the UK, the employer will not only pay attention to employees’ physiological health, but also to their mental health. The UK’s VET is characterized by classification and grading management, which helps integrate OSH into the whole education system. China can learn from the UK in the development of policies, VET and OSH training.     

Hydraulic fracturing as an interpretive policy problem: lessons on energy controversies in Europe and the U.S.A.

This special issue addresses hydraulic fracturing for shale gas extraction as an interpretive policy problem. Bringing together empirical cases from the U.S.A., the Netherlands, the U.K., Poland, and Germany, we identify three approaches to the interpretation of hydraulic fracturing in the article: understanding its meaning, contextual explanation of the institutionalization of its meaning, and policy design as intervention to alter its meaning. By exploring differences and similarities across these cases, we identified two central tensions in the meaning of shale gas in all cases: (1) economic opportunity or environmental threat and (2) transition toward a more carbon-free energy future or perpetuation of a fossil fuel system. We found that when actors shift the meaning of hydraulic fracturing to consider it predominantly an issue of threat, this explains the dominance of risk governance as an approach to managing the controversy. Alternately, when the meaning of fracking shifts from consideration as an economic opportunity or a bridge fuel to consideration of it as a barrier to an energy transition, this explains the decision to ban fracking. Therefore, a comparative assessment of the papers demonstrates the ways interpretive dimensions of politics can influence the governance of public policy.     

Ecological literacy and beyond: Problem-based learning for future professionals

Ecological science contributes to solving a broad range of environmental problems. However, lack of ecological literacy in practice often limits application of this knowledge. In this paper, we highlight a critical but often overlooked demand on ecological literacy: to enable professionals of various careers to apply scientific knowledge when faced with environmental problems. Current university courses on ecology often fail to persuade students that ecological science provides important tools for environmental problem solving. We propose problem-based learning to improve the understanding of ecological science and its usefulness for real-world environmental issues that professionals in careers as diverse as engineering, public health, architecture, social sciences, or management will address. Courses should set clear learning objectives for cognitive skills they expect students to acquire. Thus, professionals in different fields will be enabled to improve environmental decision-making processes and to participate effectively in multidisciplinary work groups charged with tackling environmental issues.     

苏州国际旅游节城市旅游效应研究与思考

现代节庆活动发展迅速,有效塑造了城市旅游形象,促进了城市旅游业的发展。以苏州国际旅游节为例,对历届苏州国际旅游节进行了初步梳理和分析,利用相关数据,对其产生的旅游经济效应、社会文化效应和环境效应进行了综合评价,认为苏州国际旅游节成功塑造了苏州的城市形象,刺激了苏州旅游业发展,有利于苏州旅游资源的有效整合。当前苏州国际旅游节在运营模式、主题创新和当地居民参与度等方面还存在一些问题,对此进行了思考并提出改进建议,以期更好地发挥苏州国际旅游节的整体旅游效应。     

论马克思主义的生态文明思想

马克思的思想博大精深、包罗万象,其深邃的思想蕴含着丰富的生态文明智慧。从唯物论、辩证法、实践论、历史论四个层面梳理了马克思主义的生态文明思想,并试图发掘出它对当今社会建设生态文明的启示。马克思主义的生态文明理论,是以人与自然的辩证关系为中心内容,以实践的观点和历史唯物主义观点为逻辑起点的科学体系,揭示了自然与人、自然与社会、自然与历史之间相互依存、相互作用的辩证关系。它对启发当代人类探索解决生态危机的思路,建立全新的文明观具有重大的现实指导意义,因此应成为人类从根本上、战略上解决生态环境问题的重要思想依据。     

钢框架厂房火灾后的破坏形态

端部约束不同的构件在火灾中的破坏形态不同,研究整体结构构件在火灾中的破坏形态,可以为钢结构抗火研究与设计提供依据。某钢结构框架厂房发生火灾,大火历时3个多小时,火场最高温度达1000°C以上。火灾后,框架梁均有不同程度的破坏,钢梁端部下翼缘屈曲破坏较普遍;由于钢梁顶没有设置抗剪键,钢梁与顶部的混凝土现浇楼板脱开,火灾后残留有较大的挠屈变形;钢柱在火灾后未有明显的破坏现象,但有侧向变形产生。这些现象与实验室中标准试验的结果不同。     

浅议创新教育

创新教育是培养人具有创新能力的教育。创新教育是社会发展的必然选择;创新教育是教育发展的必然选择;创新教育是人类的发展的必然选择。创新教育以创新精神的培养为基础,以创新思维的培养为核心,以创新能力的培养为最终目标。     

深化改革 促进地震事业新发展——“地震科技的基础研究与应用研究”研讨班概述

本文概述了在当前面临地震队伍结构调整和人员分流的新形势下,如何进一步深化改革,追踪地震研究的世界先进水平,筛选和确定地震科研的前沿课题,为制定地震工作的深化改革政策提供科学依据。通过对30年地震预报实践的反思,提出今后发展方向。