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1.
A sequencing batch reactor was modeled using multi-layer perceptron and radial basis function artificial neural networks (MLPANN and RBFANN). Then, the effects of influent concentration (IC), filling time (FT), reaction time (RT), aeration intensity (AI), SRT and MLVSS concentration were examined on the effluent concentrations of TSS, TP, COD and NH4+-N. The results showed that the optimal removal efficiencies would be obtained at FT of 1 h, RT of 6 h, aeration intensity of 0.88 m3/min and SRT of 30 days. In addition, COD and TSS removal efficiencies decreased and TP and NH4+-N removal efficiencies did not change significantly with increases of influent concentration. The TSS, TP, COD and NH4+-N removal efficiencies were 86%, 79%, 94% and 93%, respectively. The training procedures of all contaminants were highly collaborated for both RBFANN and MLPANN models. The results of training and testing data sets showed an almost perfect match between the experimental and the simulated effluent of TSS, TP, COD and NH4+-N. The results indicated that with low experimental values of input data to train ANNs the MLPANN models compared to RBFANN models are more precise due to their higher coefficient of determination (R2) and lower root mean squared errors (RMSE) values. 相似文献
2.
Consistent estimators of change and state becomes an issue when sample data come from a mix of permanent and temporary observation units. A joint maximum likelihood estimator of state and change creates estimates of state that depend on antecedent viz. posterior survey results and may differ from estimates of state derived from a single-date analysis of the sample data. A constrained estimator of change in relative categorical frequencies that eliminates this potential inconsistency is proposed and a model based estimator of their sampling variance is developed. The performance of the constrained estimator is quantified against six criteria and a joint maximum likelihood estimator in simulated sampling from 15 populations with three combinations of permanent and temporary samples, four to six categorical class attributes, and constant size between sampling dates. Bias of the constrained estimators was negligible but larger than for joint maximum likelihood estimators. Mean absolute deviations and variances of constrained estimators were generally at par with the joint estimators. Constrained estimators of root mean square errors and achieved coverage of nominal confidence intervals of constrained estimators were occasionally better. A generalized variance function for the constrained estimates of change is provided as a computational shortcut. 相似文献
3.
采用自然吸入的暴露方法,通过分析肺灌洗液成分及脾脏淋巴细胞的转化功能,观察碳素厂冷压车间空气对大鼠肺损伤及免疫功能的影响,结果表明,在自然吸入染毒期间,引起大鼠肺灌洗液中乳酸氢酶、酸性磷酸酶和唾液含量或高,肺巨噬细胞及其Fc受体数降低,并且还引起脾脏淋巴细胞的转化能力下降。 相似文献
4.
运用文献、调查访问、观察、实验、统计及分析等研究方法,对有、无排球技术基础学生的对比分析,探讨软式排球的健身价值。研究结果表明:软式排球较硬式排球技术更易学习掌握,更易在学生中组织比赛,有着很重要的健身价值。为使软式排球更具有健身和娱乐性,应在比赛中灵活制定比赛规则。 相似文献
5.
呼伦贝尔市在生态示范区创建中,确立了稳固环境与资源基础、保护北疆生态屏障的战略目标;统一了预防为先、保护为主、建设为辅的生态保护思想;确定了在经济结构调整和生产方式的转变中实现环境与经济“双赢”的创建道路;把生态示范区建设的目标任务具体为工程、项目,保证了创建工作的顺利进行,走出了一条在我国北部边疆少数民族地区开展生态示范区建设的道路。 相似文献
6.
海水水质评价的倍斜率隶属函数聚类法 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
建立了宽域式倍斜率聚类的海水水质评价模式,其函数的右侧斜度为左侧斜率的2倍,勿求权重,直接聚类,海水水质评价实例说明,本文模糊综合评判法和灰色聚类法和更为合理,实用。 相似文献
7.
8.
洪涝灾害评价的威布尔模型 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
首次将威布尔分布用于淮河流域水灾成灾面积研究,揭示了淮河流域洪涝灾害成灾面积形成的 内在规律,进而利用河南、安徽、江苏和山东4省的各自灾度对淮河流域的灾害风险建立了线性回归模型.实证分析表明,本方法切实可行,特别适用于大样本计算. 相似文献
9.
Sagoff [Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 18 (2005), 215–236] argues, against growing empirical evidence, that major environmental impacts of non-native species are
unproven. However, many such impacts, including extinctions of both island and continental species, have both been demonstrated
and judged by the public to be harmful. Although more public attention has been focused on non-native animals than non-native
plants, the latter more often cause ecosystem-wide impacts. Increased regulation of introduction of non-native species is,
therefore, warranted, and, contra Sagoff’s assertions, invasion biologists have recently developed methods that greatly aid prediction of which introduced
species will harm the environment and thus enable more efficient regulation. The fact that introduced species may increase
local biodiversity in certain instances has not been shown to result in desired changes in ecosystem function. In other locales,
they decrease biodiversity, as they do globally. 相似文献
10.