金属氧化物负载γ-Al_2O_3粒子电极对酸性橙Ⅱ的电催化氧化研究

以γ-Al_2O_3作为载体,采用浸渍热分解法制备了Sn、Mn、Cu、Pb单组分氧化物和Sn-Ce-Sb复合氧化物粒子电极。通过对酸性橙II(AOII)的降解实验,以及采用重复试验和扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外光谱扫描等方法,探讨了粒子电极材料的性能。研究结果表明:Sn/γ-Al_2O_3相比于Mn/γ-Al_2O_3、Cu/γ-Al_2O_3、Pb/γ-Al_2O_3等单组分氧化物粒子电极表现出了更好的电催化活性和稳定性。掺杂Ce、Sb后电极表面晶体粒径细小且分布均匀,有利于提高Sn/γ-Al_2O_3粒子电极的性能。电流密度为20 m A/cm2,曝气量0.5 L/min反应条件下,反应3 h后Sn-Ce-Sb/γ-Al_2O_3粒子电极对AOII的去除率为100%,TOC的去除率达84.2%,重复使用5次后TOC去除率仍保持在80%以上。表明Sn-Ce-Sb/γ-Al_2O_3粒子电极具有较好的应用前景。     

两种启动子对聚γ-谷氨酸降解酶基因在地衣芽胞杆菌中的加强表达效果

聚γ-谷氨酸(γ-PGA)是一种应用前景良好的生物高分子材料.比较了蔗糖诱导的枯草芽胞杆菌果聚糖蔗糖酶基因(SacB)启动子和地衣芽胞杆菌α-淀粉酶基因启动子对γ-PGA降解酶基因ywtD在地衣芽胞杆菌中加强表达的影响.分别用SacB基因启动子和α-淀粉酶启动子构建了穿梭表达载体pHY300-SYT和pHY300-PYT,通过电转化地衣芽胞杆菌WX-02获得重组子SYT和PYT.酶活测定结果显示SYT和PYT中γ-PGA降解酶基因ywtD得到加强表达,摇瓶发酵结果显示两个重组菌株的γ-PGA相对分子质量都由1 000 000~1 200 000降低为800 000~900 000,PYT的γ-PGA产量较对照菌株PLK提高了33%,由13.50 g L-1提高到17.97 g L-1,而SYT的γ-PGA产量则降低为10.85 g L-1.因此,α-淀粉酶启动子更适合于在地衣芽胞杆菌WX-02菌株中表达γ-PGA降解酶基因,从而获得高产低分子量γ-PGA的工程菌.     

四种拟除虫菊酯类农药的环境雌激素活性研究

将金鱼(Carassius auratus)分别暴露于0.1mg/L甲氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯和0.5mg/L氯氰菊酯21d后,尾静脉取血,离心分离获得血浆,利用Western-blot方法检测金鱼血浆中是否有卵黄原蛋白产生,同时测定金鱼生殖腺指数、γ-谷氨酰转移酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性.结果表明,对照组雄性金鱼血浆中未检测到卵黄原蛋白,4种拟除虫菊酯农药均能诱导雄性金鱼分泌卵黄原蛋白,而且溴氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯明显降低了雄鱼生殖腺指数,4种农药均能够明显抑制精巢γ-谷氨酰转移酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性.由此可见,4种拟除虫菊酯类农药具有潜在的环境雌激素活性和生殖毒性.     

CuMnCeOx/Al2O3/CH催化剂的制备及微波催化燃烧VOCs性能

针对整体式催化剂载体比表面积小和涂层脱落等问题,采用聚乙二醇200 (PEG200) 为粘结剂在蜂窝堇青石 (CH) 载体表面涂覆氧化铝 (Al₂O₃) 涂层,等体积浸渍法制备CuMnCeO_x/Al₂O₃/CH催化剂,微波催化燃烧VOCs以考察其催化性能。结果显示,当酸铝比 ($ {{\text{n}}_{{H^+}}}/{{\text{n}}_{A{l^{3+}}}} $) 为 0.262 5、$ {{\text{m}}_{PEG200}}/{{\text{m}}_{A{\text{l}}OOH}} $为1.5时,PEG200与AlOOH以氢键连接得到分散度高的铝溶胶,涂覆煅烧后PEG的造孔效应改善了载体形貌,为活性组分的负载提供了更多附着位点。在甲苯初始质量浓度1 000 mg·m⁻³和处理气量0.12 m³·h⁻¹的实验条件下,CuMnCeO_x/Al₂O₃/PEG(1.5)/CH催化剂降解甲苯的T₉₀为200 ℃,比CuMnCeO_x/CH和CuMnCeO_x/Al₂O₃/PEG(0.0)/CH催化剂分别降低了62 ℃和53 ℃。SEM、BET和XRD等表征发现,片状γ-Al₂O₃涂层增大了载体比表面积和孔容,活性粒子更均匀地分布于催化剂表面,为VOCs氧化提供更多的有效活性位点;过渡金属氧化物表面丰富的活性位点和Cu⁺/Cu²⁺与Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺间价态转化产生的氧空穴提高了催化剂的催化活性和VOCs的矿化效果。该研究结果可为高活性催化剂的制备及其微波催化燃烧VOCs技术应用提供参考。     

γ-Al2O3负载Ni、Fe催化剂同时脱硫脱硝

采用浸渍法制备了不同负载量的Ni(x)Fe(y)/γ-AL2O3催化剂,通过XRD、H2-TPR、BET和SEM对催化剂进行表征,使用微型催化反应装置考察催化剂在以CO作为还原气时,同时脱硫脱硝的催化活性。结果表明,NiO和Fe2O3做为活性组分可以很好地分散在γ-Al2O3载体上,并且不破坏其结构;Ni(8)Fe(2)/γ-Al2O3催化剂有最佳的脱硫脱硝活性,脱硫率达到96.55%,脱硝率达到97.92%。     

谷氨酸发酵废菌体的水解与替代酵母膏生产多聚谷氨酸

为研究谷氨酸发酵废菌体水解液用作培养基氮源的可行性,以蛋白质水解度和溶解度为衡量指标,采用化学、生物、物理以及这几种方法的联合处理,通过正交优化实验,得出了菌体蛋白水解的最佳工艺条件为化学-生物联合处理,在盐酸浓度3 mol·L-1、温度110 ℃、料液比1:0.5、水解12 h后使用酸性蛋白酶酶解,调节料液pH为4、酶底比2.5%、温度55 ℃、酶解8 h,水解完成后蛋白质水解度达到47.18%,溶解度达到94.09%。在总氮相等的情况下,将水解液和酵母膏以不同的比例组合,替代正常发酵产γ-聚谷氨酸过程的氮源。结果表明谷氨酸发酵废菌体经过最佳工艺水解后,其水解液可以用作发酵产γ-聚谷氨酸的氮源。     

Analysis of α, β, γ-hexachlorocyclohexanes in water by novel activated carbon fiber-solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography--mass spectrometry

A fast and simple method for determination of α, β,γ-hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in water using activated carbon fibersolid phase microextraction(ACF-SPME) were studied. Results showed the performance of adsorption and desorption of three HCHs on ACF were excellent. A wide linear range from 10 to 100 μg/L and detection limits of the ng/L level were obtained using ACF-SPME with GC-MS in selected ion monitoring(SIM) acquisition mode. The proposed method was also successfully applied for determination of three HCHs in tap water. Compared to commercial fibers, ACF showed some advantages such as better resistance to solvents, higher thermal stability, longer lifetime and lower cost. The data demonstrated that GC-MS with ACF-SPME is well suitable for the analysis of HCHs in water.     

Fetal nucleated red blood cells from CVS washings: an aid to development of first trimester non-invasive prenatal diagnosis

Fetal nucleated red blood cells (n-rbc) occur in the maternal circulation from 7 weeks of pregnancy. The enrichment of these cells from maternal blood will depend upon their stage of differentiation, which changes during development. We characterised the fetal n-rbc from chorionic villus sample (CVS) washings and used them to model first trimester non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. The ratio of ε- to γ-globin-producing cells declined rapidly from 10 to 13 weeks, as did the ratio of nucleated to non-nucleated rbc. By 13 weeks the great majority of cells containing γ- or ε-globin are anucleate. The fetal n-rbc were highly variable in size and density and sedimented over a wide density range with a high proportion (>80%) at a density overlapping with that of maternal rbc. We have devised an enrichment procedure using Orskoff lysis to differentially lyse the maternal cells followed by density centrifugation and separation using magnetic beads. This simple protocol allowed recovery of 70% (69±22%) of fetal cells when added at approximately 10 fetal cells/ml maternal blood. When 1 fetal cell/ml millilitre maternal blood was added (total volume 10 ml) the recovery was more variable but remained at approximately 70% (72±47%), with at least one fetal cell recovered in all cases. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海水中137Cs的富集与分析

应用改进的磷钼酸铵(AMP)富集法吸附、富集海水中的137Cs,并采用γ谱仪进行测量。结果表明,改进磷钼酸铵法最佳的实验条件为:量取20～100 L海水样品,调节pH 1.2～3.3,按每5 L水样50 mg、1 g的比例分别先后加入铯载体和40～60目的磷钼酸铵(AMP),通入30 L/min的气泡搅拌30 min,放置澄清4 h以上(一般放置时间不超过24 h)。用改进磷钼酸铵法取40 L海水样品进行实验时,铯的化学回收率93%～100%,放射性137Cs回收率94%～102%。γ能谱法测定海水中137Cs分析结果和β计数法进行比较,两者在t检验上没有显著性差异,证明γ能谱法测定大体积海水中137Cs的方法是可行的。