γ辐照降解水中磺胺嘧啶的研究

实验研究了水中磺胺嘧啶（SD）的γ辐照降解,考察了SD初始浓度、溶液pH值,以及联合H2O2、Fenton试剂对其辐照降解的影响.结果表明：γ辐照可有效降解水中SD,低浓度SD在酸性条件下的辐照降解更为显著,降解过程遵循准一级反应动力学模型.添加H2O2可在一定程度上促进SD的γ辐照降解,加入Fenton试剂则显著提升...     

Fe2O3/TiO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂同时脱硫脱硝性能

以溶胶凝胶法制备的15%TiO2/γ-Al2O3为载体,通过浸渍法制备12%Fe2O3/15%TiO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂,采用XRD和TPR对催化剂结构和性质进行表征,并考察不同焙烧温度、焙烧时间和载体对催化剂脱硫脱硝性能的影响。结果显示,最佳焙烧条件为500℃下焙烧3 h,12%Fe2O3/15%TiO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂达到的最高脱硝脱硫率分别为98.2%和95.4%。     

碱性添加剂对γ-FeOOH脱除H_2S的影响研究

采用氧化法在温和条件下制备了γ-FeOOH,并对其进行XRD,FTIR,SEM,TEM及TG/DSC等表征。将制备的γ-FeOOH进行脱除H2S实验,发现低温氧化法制备的γ-FeOOH具有很好的脱硫精度(<0.1×10-)6。在此基础上,研究了KF、K3PO4和NaOH三种碱性添加剂对γ-FeOOH脱硫的影响,实验结果表明:上述三种物质在不改变γ-FeOOH脱硫精度的同时,都能够提升γ-FeOOH的硫容,其中KF的作用最为明显,可以使γ-FeOOH的硫容增加到330mg/g。     

Fetal nucleated red blood cells from CVS washings: an aid to development of first trimester non-invasive prenatal diagnosis

Fetal nucleated red blood cells (n-rbc) occur in the maternal circulation from 7 weeks of pregnancy. The enrichment of these cells from maternal blood will depend upon their stage of differentiation, which changes during development. We characterised the fetal n-rbc from chorionic villus sample (CVS) washings and used them to model first trimester non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. The ratio of ε- to γ-globin-producing cells declined rapidly from 10 to 13 weeks, as did the ratio of nucleated to non-nucleated rbc. By 13 weeks the great majority of cells containing γ- or ε-globin are anucleate. The fetal n-rbc were highly variable in size and density and sedimented over a wide density range with a high proportion (>80%) at a density overlapping with that of maternal rbc. We have devised an enrichment procedure using Orskoff lysis to differentially lyse the maternal cells followed by density centrifugation and separation using magnetic beads. This simple protocol allowed recovery of 70% (69±22%) of fetal cells when added at approximately 10 fetal cells/ml maternal blood. When 1 fetal cell/ml millilitre maternal blood was added (total volume 10 ml) the recovery was more variable but remained at approximately 70% (72±47%), with at least one fetal cell recovered in all cases. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Investigating the embryo/larval toxic and genotoxic effects of γ irradiation on zebrafish eggs

Eggs/larval of freshwater fish (Danio rerio) were exposed to low dose rates of external gamma radiation (from 1 to 1000 mGy d⁻¹) over a 20-day period, with the objective of testing the appropriateness of the 10 mGy d⁻¹ guideline suggested by the IAEA. The present study examines different endpoints, mortality and hatching time and success of embryos as well as the genotoxicity of γ-irradiations (after 48 h). The 20-day embryo-larval bioassay showed an enhanced larval resistance to starvation after chronic exposure to γ irradiation (from low 1 mGy d⁻¹ to high dose rate 1000 mGy d⁻¹) and an acceleration in hatching time. Gamma irradiation led to increased genotoxic damage Ito zebrafish egg (40-50% DNA in tail in Comet assay) from the lowest dose rate (1 mGy d⁻¹). Possible mechanisms of γ radiotoxicity and implications for radioprotection are discussed.     

Thermal hazard evaluation for γ-valerolactone production by using formic acid as hydrogen donor

Aiming at the green and sustainable energy substitution and supply, biomass valorization has become a potential strategy to face the energy crisis and increasing demand all over the world from long-term perspectives. Among the bio-based chemicals, γ-valerolactone (GVL) production from hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) and its esters has attracted great interests due to its wide applications, such as fuel, solvent, and additives. However, the safety evaluation for this hydrogenation reaction has received few attentions. To fill this gap, thermal hazard evaluation for GVL production from LA hydrogenation by using formic acid (FA) as hydrogen donor was first performed. The process conditions were optimized by using orthogonal experimental method for further calorimetry study. Thermal stability of chemicals and thermal risk of reaction process under adiabatic conditions were investigated by applying differential scanning calorimetry and accelerating rate calorimeter Phi-Tec II, respectively. The results revealed that the chemicals were stable in temperature range from 30 to 250 °C except FA due to its evaporation and decomposition with endothermic behaviors. The reaction process under isothermal and adiabatic conditions demonstrates that the decomposition of FA was rapid and followed by the hydrogenation of LA to GVL. Based on kinetic model under adiabatic conditions and risk matrix, the thermal runaway risk was found to be medium, indicating that certain safety measures should be properly designed and taken for loss prevention. This work could benefit the safety design and thermal risk prevention for GVL production by using FA as hydrogen donor.     

催化湿式过氧化（CWPO）偶氮染料反应机理及降解历程研究

采用浸渍法制备出具有较高催化活性的催化剂CuO/γ-Al2O3,通过XRD、电镜等手段对催化剂进行了表征。降解了几种不同结构的偶氮染料,并通过改变CWPO的反应条件推断了其催化反应机理。采用紫外/可见分光光度计（UV-Vis）和傅里叶红外光谱仪（IR）等手段对染料降解过程进行跟踪和分析,对比染料处理前后紫外可见光谱与红...     

纳米γ-Fe2O3对汞离子的吸附行为研究

为了研究用于含汞离子废水处理的新型高效材料,研究了纳米γ-Fe₂O₃对汞离子的吸附行为。探讨pH值(3、8和12)、温度(288 K、298 K、308 K、318 K)和离子强度(Ca²⁺,0.001 mol/L、0.01 mol/L、0.1 mol/L)对该吸附的影响。使用吸附动力学方程(拉格朗日准一级、准二级)和等温吸附方程(Langmuir和Freundlich)分别对吸附数据进行拟合,并讨论吸附机理。结果表明:pH值为3、8、12时,纳米γ-Fe₂O₃对汞离子的吸附动力学方程符合准二级动力学模型(R2=0.997~0.999);288 K、298 K、308 K、318 K时,纳米γ-Fe₂O₃对汞离子的吸附过程更符合Langmuir吸附模型(R²=0.970~0.995),并且随温度升高,吸附量增加;在不同pH值下,纳米γ-Fe₂O₃对汞离子的吸附等温式可使用Langmuir模式(R²=0.983~0.996)进行表征,随p H值降低,吸附量减少,中性环境有利于吸附;在不同Ca²⁺浓度下,可用Langmuir等温吸附式拟合(R²=0.990~0.996)。通过Langmuir等温吸附式推算出最大吸附量随Ca²⁺浓度增加而减少。     

新型生物抑尘剂γ-聚谷氨酸的抑尘性能及安全性评价

研究了γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)的抑尘性能并对其安全性进行评价。采用滤纸负尘、定期模拟风蚀的方法,考察了不同分子量、不同浓度及与多糖复配γ-PGA的抑尘作用;以烟雾模拟扬尘,测试γ-PGA的抑尘效果;考察了γ-PGA对草地早熟禾种子萌发的影响及对碳钢的腐蚀情况。结果表明:高分子量γ-PGA抑尘率较高,12 d内抑尘率仅下降了10.6%;0.100%γ-PGA在第1、3、7、12天抑尘率高于其他组;γ-PGA与透明质酸(HA)、黄原胶(XG)均在复配比为2:1(质量比)下,抑尘率优于单独使用γ-PGA;喷施0.100%γ-PGA后颗粒物沉降速度比自然沉降速度明显加快,尤其对粒径较小的颗粒物效果较好;γ-PGA可促进草地早熟禾种子萌发;高浓度γ-PGA处理的碳钢片腐蚀率最低。