台风能成为“人类福祉”吗?

台风,是发生在西北太平洋和南海一带热带海洋上猛烈的风暴。为什么称为台风呢?有人说,过去人们不了解台风发源于太平洋,认为这种巨大的风暴来自台湾,所以称为台风;也有人认为,台风侵袭我国广东省最多,台风是从广东话"大风"演变而来。     

基于区域发展视角的耕地保护政策失灵及对策选择

不平衡的梯度发展战略,使得东部地区优先获得扩大农地非农化的权利而率先发展.随着国家发展战略的调整,正处于快速发展阶段的中西部地区却遭遇到了国家最严格的耕地保护政策管制,中西部地区经济发展和耕地保护的矛盾加剧,国家耕地保护政策失灵.首先从东中西部区域不公平发展的角度,分析了耕地保护政策失灵的原因,然后通过构建东部和中西部两大区域主体之间的竞争博弈关系进行理论上的论证.研究表明,区域不平衡发展战略导致耕地资源非农化指标的不公平配置,中西部地区经济发展模式扭曲;东部和中西部区域的利益主体地方政府对耕地资源非农化利用的竞争是耕地保护政策失灵的根源.在研究的基础上,本文给出的对策选择是创新中西部地区经济发展模式和国家经济制度供给.调整国家公共政策,构建耕地保护区际补偿机制.     

Dynamic Evaluation on Regional Tourism Competitiveness： Urban Agglomeration of Shandong Peninsula, Eastern China

The article establishes the appraisal index system for entire urban agglomeration and its interior cities individually, concretely including five aspects： driving forces for tourism development, the level of tourism development, tourism impacts, tourism economic connection and tourism contributions of different cities to the whole urban agglomeration. As tourism competitiveness has the characteristics of comprehensiveness, systematicness and dynamicness, the article attempts to apply the structural prediction means of system dynamics to evaluating tourism competitiveness, aiming to provide some research methods and analysis ideas for tourism competitiveness measurement and trends analysis in urban agglomeration. Taking Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration as the study area, the article simulates and analyzes the tourism competitiveness trend of the whole region and its interior cities from 2005 to 2020, and the result reflects that integrated development and regional combination of tourism are important means to upgrade tourism competitiveness in this region.     

Change of Flood Patterns in China under the Influences of Climate Change and Human Activities

Based on the flood affected area （FA） data of the provinces in China from 1950 to 2005, the article discusses the change of the flood patterns in China, and investigates its relationship with climate change and human activities. The flood center shifted from North China and the Yangtze-Huaihe basin in the 1950s towards the south, north and west of China, and located in the south of the Yangtze River and South China after the 1990s. The FA in the western provinces was continuously on the rise since the 1950s. There are two characteristics for the future flood pattem in China. The pattern of ＂flood in the south and drought in the north＂ depends on the north-south shift of the maximum rainfall region in eastern China. The flood intensification to the west of Hu Huanyong＇s line mainly results from the increase of rainfall, extreme precipitation and the melting of glaciers under the background of human activity magnification.     

美俄卫星太空相撞引发的太空战思考

多年来,世界各国的航天专家已经不止一次发出警告,在近地轨道日渐拥挤的情况下,难免会发生航天器相互碰撞、产生大量危险的太空垃圾的事件。然而,这一担心今天已经变为现实——美国东部时间2月10日11时55分（北京时间11日零时55分）,美国铱卫星公司正在使用的“铱-33”商业通信卫星和已报废多年的俄罗斯“宇宙-2251”军用通信卫星在西伯利亚北部上空相撞。     

利用方式对岩溶山地土壤团粒结构的影响研究

岩溶山地是典型的脆弱生态环境，土壤资源存在先天不足性，其退化恢复受土地利用方式的影响大。以重庆市北碚、黔江、金佛山为代表，研究了6种典型土地利用方式对岩溶山地土壤水稳性团聚体的影响。结果表明：＞0．25mm水稳性团聚体为灌草坡＞原始林地＞次生林地＞果园＞弃耕地＞耕地；林地、草坡的土壤表层团聚体的水稳性较高且水稳性团聚体以＞2mm为主，而果园、弃耕地、耕地土壤团聚体的水稳性较低且＞2mm的水稳性团聚体较少。水稳性团聚体(尤其是＞2mm的水稳性团聚体)以及团聚的水稳性主要受有机质的含量影响，目前有机质是这一地区土壤结构形成的最为重要的胶结物质；林地、草坡开垦后，土壤有机质分解加快或补充减少是土壤团聚体水稳性下降及数量减少的主要原因。坡耕地退耕后，土壤团聚体可得到恢复。     

Distribution patterns of octylphenol and nonylphenol in the aquatic system at Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve, a subtropical estuarine wetland in Hong Kong

Spatial and temporal distribution of octylphenol （OP） and nonylphenol （NP） in Mai Po Marshes, a subtropical estuarine wetland in Hong Kong, were investigated. Surface water samples were collected every month from 11 sites during the period of September- December 2004. Concentrations of OP and NP ranged from 11.3 to 348 ng/L and from 29 to 2591 ng/L, respectively. The high levels of NP and OP were found in November and December than in September and October. The levels of OP and NP have no significant spatial differences except September. Total organic matter in the sediments appeared to be an important factor in controlling the fate of these compounds in the aquatic environment.     

模拟酸雨对亚热带三个树种凋落叶分解速率及分解酶活性的影响

利用凋落物袋法研究了模拟酸雨对中国亚热带地区3个典型树种杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)、香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)、银杏(Ginkgo biloba)凋落叶分解速率及酶活性的影响.酸雨分别设置为重度酸雨(pH=2.5)、中度酸雨(pH=4.0)、对照处理(pH =5.6)3个梯度.试验结果表明:酸雨胁迫会抑制凋落叶的分解,且随着酸雨强度的增强,抑制作用更明显.杉木、香樟、银杏3个树种对照处理下周转期分别比中度酸雨短33％、43％、14％,比重度酸雨短44％、52％、17％.3种分解酶对酸雨胁迫的表现不同,脲酶和纤维素酶表现为一定的抑制作用,基本呈现为对照处理(pH=5.6)＞中度酸雨(pH=4.0)＞重度酸雨(pH=2.5),与凋落物的分解速率排列情况一致,蔗糖酶在酸雨胁迫下反而有激活的趋势,表现为重度酸雨(pH=2.5)＞中度酸雨(pH =4.0)＞对照处理(pH=5.6).不同树种对酸雨胁迫的影响有一定的差异性,针叶树种杉木受影响最大,阔叶树种香樟和银杏受影响较小,银杏的抗酸性较强,且针叶树种的分解速率比阔叶树种慢.脲酶和纤维素酶对凋落叶的分解贡献较大,而蔗糖酶的影响相对较小.酶活性与季节有较大的关系,夏季活性相对偏高,冬季活性相对偏低.     

西部主体功能区产业布局——基于产业梯度转移理论的思考

随着国家主体功能区战略的实施,对产业布局提出了新的标准,强调把产业布局在区位优势明显、环境承载力高的重点和优化开发区。对产业梯度转移的一般规律在我国的应用提出了质疑。通过东西部传统产业比较优势的对比,做出西部传统产业向东部逆向转移并承接高新产业的结论,提出了对该模式的可行性建议。     

山地荒漠草原不同植物群落关系研究

在群落样方调查的基础上，计算群落物种重要值，确定群落类型。对群落物种重要值采用分割线段模型、对数级数分布、对数正态分布、几何级数分布等4个多度模型进行拟合。结果表明，新疆银穗草一细果苔草群落对数级数拟合结果更好，穗状寒生羊茅一细果苔草群落对数正态分布拟合更好，说明了2个群落结构是对2个样地环境特点与放牧干扰相互作用的响应。新疆银穗草一穗状寒生羊茅群落中新疆银穗草处于极优势地位，占据整个群落的大多数生态空间。拟合检验表明，该山地草地植被物种分布格局较符合随机生态位假说和生态位占领假说，严重的放牧干扰不仅降低了优势物种在群落中的优势程度，使次优势物种及其它物种也没能较好的发育，说明外部非生物环境对群落胁迫程度较大。