藻华聚集的生态效应:对凤眼莲叶绿素和光合作用的影响

以凤眼莲为研究对象,模拟凤眼莲叶绿素和光合作用变化对不同蓝藻水华聚集影响的应答响应.通过深入研究藻华聚集后对水生植物的生理影响,以揭示藻华规模性暴发引起水生植物消亡的深层机制和更好地发挥植物的水体生态修复功能.结果表明,藻华聚集后2 h内溶氧会耗尽,水体中氧化还原电位值(ORP)降至-200 m V,添加60 g·L-1和120 g·L-1新鲜藻细胞的处理1、2中溶解性总氮(DTN)含量分别高达44.49 mg·L-1、111.32 mg·L-1,溶解性总磷(DTP)含量分别高达2.57mg·L-1、9.10 mg·L-1,植物根区NH+4-N含量增加至32.99 mg·L-1、51.22 mg·L-1,形成厌氧、强还原、高营养盐环境而对凤眼莲产生胁迫作用,植物叶片叶绿素浓度呈现先增加、后降低的变化趋势,处理2的叶片光合能力、气孔导度(以CO2计)则呈现快速下降,至实验结束时下降为3.95μmol·(m2·s)-1、0.088μmol·(m2·s)-1,同期对照组叶片光合能力、气孔导度分别为22μmol·(m2·s)-1、0.78μmol·(m2·s)-1,表明凤眼莲对环境胁迫有较强的光合应答响应;实验中发现处理1中老根系脱落、大量白色嫩根长出,处理2中老根系大量死亡、脱落,无白色新根长出,同时叶片发黄、枯焦开始死亡,表明在超过了凤眼莲的抗逆境能力后,就开始出现根系死亡、光合能力受到抑制,植物开始死亡,表明在藻华聚集后形成的水体生态环境恶化对凤眼莲产生重度胁迫,使植物生理功能受到抑制是导致植物死亡的主要原因之一.     

Influences of excessive Cu on photosynthesis and growth in ectomycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris seedlings

Growth and photosynthesis responses were measured for Scots pine( Pinus sylvestris L. cv. ) inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi ( Suillus bovinus ) under 6.5 and 25 mg/L Cu treatments to evaluate ectomycorrhizal seedlings‘ tolerance to heavy metal stress. Results showed that excessive Cu can significantly impair the growth and photosynthesis of pine seedlings, but such impairment is much smaller to the ectomycorrhizal seedlings. Under 25mg/L Cu treatment, the dry weight of ectomycorrhizal seedlings is 25% lower than the control in contrary to 53% of the non-mycorrhizal seedlings, and the fresh weight of ectomycorrhizal roots was significantly higher than those of non-mycorrhizal roots, about 25% and 42% higher at 6.5 and 25 mg/L Cu treatments respectively. Furthermore,ectomycorrhizal fungi induced remarkable difference in the growth rate and pigment content of seedlings under excessive Cu stress. At 2.5 mg/L Cu, the contents of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b were 30% higher in ectomycorrhizal plants than those in non-mycorrhizal plants. O2 evolution and electron transport of PSI and PSII were restrained by elevated Cu stress. However, no significant improvement was observed in reducing the physiological restraining in ectomycorrhizal seedlings over the non-mycorrhizal ones.     

水生生物光合作用对雪玉洞岩溶水体中CDOM的影响

溶解有机质(DOM)作为岩溶水体碳汇的重要组成部分,其来源、分布和迁移变化对研究岩溶碳汇的组成、结构和通量具有重要意义,其组成和结构特征常用有色溶解有机质(CDOM)反演.本研究于旱季每月采集重庆雪玉洞洞内地下水和洞外地表水,通过地下河从洞内向洞外的流动过程中水化学和CDOM光谱特性的变化,分析CDOM的变化影响因素,为研究岩溶水体DOM碳汇通量提供理论基础.结果表明:(1)雪玉洞岩溶水中CDOM以小分子易降解的内源有机质为主,类色氨酸和类酪氨酸组分占60%以上;(2)雪玉洞地下水中的CDOM主要受地下水微生物的降解作用影响,地下水流动过程中有少量易降解有机质被微生物降解,TOC和DOC含量略有降低,CDOM腐殖化程度略有增强;(3)雪玉洞地表水CDOM主要受水池中水生植物光合作用控制,水生植物生长处TOC和DOC含量明显升高,CDOM内源特征和小分子组分明显增多.