不同降雨-径流过程中农业非点源污染研究

以大宁河流域为研究区域,应用SWAT模型进行了流域农业非点源污染负荷的模拟计算。利用巫溪水文站2000～2004年的实测日径流和泥沙数据进行模型的调参计算,验证结果表明模型适用于大宁河流域。利用验证后的模型分析了不同降雨-径流条件下非点源污染的产输出特性。结果表明:降雨量对径流污染负荷有较大的影响,年内丰水段,非点源污染物浓度峰值和径流峰值同步出现;年内平水段,泥沙浓度、有机氮浓度和径流峰值同步出现,硝酸盐浓度峰值滞后于径流峰值出现时间;年内枯水段,非点源污染物浓度滞后于径流峰值度出现时间;降雨—径流与污染物浓度之间存在着密切的线性相关关系。     

区域农业循环经济发展评价及其优化调控——以扬州市邗江区为例

从经济发展、社会发展、资源减量投入、资源循环利用、资源环境安全5个方面构建评价指标体系,对2001～2005年邗江区的农业循环经济发展状况进行综合评价,并通过制约度计算,对限制邗江区农业循环经济发展的因素进行识别,研究结果表明：2002-2005年邗江区农业循环经济发展的主要制约因素是资源循环利用。进而探讨当前邗江区现代农业循环经济发展的优化调控建议。     

Validation of an agricultural non-point source （AGNPS） pollution model for a catchment in the Jiulong River watershed, China

This study tested and evaluated the agricultural non-point source(AGNPS)model for the Wuchuan catchment, a typical agricultural area in the Jiulong River watershed, Fujian Province. China. The AGNPS model was calibrated and validated for the study area with observed data onten storms. Thedata on eight stormsin 2002 were used for calibration while data on two stormswere used for validation of the model. Considering the lack of water quality data over a long-term series, a novel method, comparing an internal nested catchment with its surrounding catchment, was used to supplement the less long-term series data. Dual calibration and validation of the AGNPS model was obtained by this comparison. The results indicate that the correlation coefficients were 0. 99 and 0. 98 for runoff, 0. 94 and 0. 95 forthe peak runoff rate of the large catchment and the small catchment, respectively, and 0. 76 forthe sediment of the small catchment only. Each pair of correlation coefficients is homogeneous for the same event for the two catchments. With the exception of the sediment yield and particulate phosphorus, the peak nmofr rate and other nutrients were well predicted. Sensitivity analysis showed that the Soil Conservation Service curve number and rainfall quantity were the most sensitive parameters, which resulted in high output variations. Erosivitv and other parameters had little influence on the hydrological and quality outputs.     

建设生态农业的基本思路

本文分析了当前农业发展中存在的问题，提出了建设生态农业的模式与对策。     

论水土保持与金沙江农业综合开发──以云南省为例

金沙江流域光、热、土地等自然资源丰富，地质构造和自然地理环境特殊，其开发必须搞好水土保持。水土保持是基础，也是环境保护的重要内容，水土保持型生态农业是金沙江农业综合开发的出路。     

粉煤灰在农业生产上的应用

粉煤灰在农业生产上的应用杨朝晖（湖南大学环境工程系，长沙４１００８２）粉煤灰是以煤为燃料的火力发电厂排出的废灰渣，我国电厂每年排放的粉煤灰约５０００万ｔ，且年排放量以１０％的速度递增，到本世纪末，粉煤灰累积量可达６亿ｔ左右，占地面积约３．３万ｈａ。粉...