如何破解绿色保险的践行难题？

“绿色保险”试点两年多来,“绿色保险”制度的建设取得了很多经验,不少地方在治理区域环境以及管理创新时对该险种都表现出极大的兴趣,可以说,制度建设已经具备一定社会与经济基础,在当前社会经济加快转型、环境污染问题得到越来越广泛重视的形势下,应该多方携手,深化机制,加快推动,扩大制度覆盖面,使其在促进我国环境污染问题治理方面发挥出促进“多方共赢”的作用。     

贺兰山中段奥陶系米钵山组砂岩地球化学及构造背景分析

本文利用奥陶系米钵山组砂岩地球化学分析,结合区域地质研究,探讨贺兰山中、晚奥陶世的构造环境。贺兰山中段奥陶系米钵山组砂岩的地球化学研究表明,砂岩的SiO2平均含量为81.3%;Al2O3/SiO2值0.07～0.11,平均值为0.08;K2O/Na2O值变化较大,最大60.7,一般介于4.79～7.81;Fe2O3+MgO含量较低,介于2.1%～2.81%。砂岩微量元素Nb丰度及V/(V+Ni)与Ce/La、Sr/Ba值均较高,说明砂岩沉积于湿热、还原、低盐度环境,具有大陆型沉积特征。砂岩稀土元素富集,含量在116×10-6～195×10-6之间,平均值为158×10-6;δEu为0.52～0.58,具显著的负铕异常。这些数据指示了米钵山组具有重力流快速堆积的特征和大量陆源补给,浊流沉积作用是重力流携带陆源物质的主要途径。通过多种构造环境判别图解分析,显示物源区地质构造具有被动大陆边缘性质。     

西南氟病区典型高氟土壤的地球化学特征及氟富集原因

贵阳市高氟土壤的成土母岩主要为三叠系松子坎组泥质灰岩与泥质白云岩。研究区内表层土壤最高值是全国均值的8.2倍,深层土壤最高值是全国均值的12倍。土壤中氟富集的主要原因为土壤粘粒组分吸收富集了基岩风化过程中释放出来的氟,在基岩氟含量较高的地区,这一过程导致土壤氟含量达到极高水平。在碳酸盐岩区发育程度不同的土壤氟含量差别较大,氟主要富集在土壤粘化层,土壤中含粘土矿物和非晶质矿物越多的层位,氟含量越高。     

人类活动加剧了对近岸及海洋水域生物地球化学过程的影响

海洋在全球生物地球化学的碳、氮、磷、硅和其他化学元素和化合物等循环中起着重要作用.化石燃烧、农业活动和气候变化愈发影响了海洋化学、地域性滨岸以及全球海洋水体.人类是最大的影响是无机碳、营养盐和可溶性氧,它们之间互相关联并影响到生物生产力.因工业产物的生产、迁移以及大量持久性有机化合物和痕量金属,特别是汞、铅和铁的释放到环境中,所以海洋水体中化学性质的改变表现得尤为明显.     

西昆仑库科西鲁克地区基性岩脉地球化学及构造意义

新疆库科西鲁克地区广泛发育基性岩脉,多呈岩墙、岩枝和小岩滴。基性岩脉岩石类型为辉长岩和辉绿岩。辉长岩属于碱性玄武岩,而辉绿岩属于过铝质碱性系列碱玄武岩与粗面玄武岩过渡型,其形成深度(浅成相)比辉长岩浅(中深成相)。区内基性岩脉形成于闭合边缘岛弧、活动陆缘造山带环境,是由幔源原生岩浆经过分异并同化混染地壳物质而形成,结晶分异是控制岩浆演化的主要因素。辉长岩中δEu具有弱的亏损。辉绿岩δEu为正异常,而C e均具弱亏损,成岩氧逸度较高,其成因与典型的I型花岗岩类相似,为壳幔混合型。辉长岩偏幔源,而辉绿岩偏壳源,可能为幔源岩浆上侵受围岩混染所致。辉长岩年龄(119 M a)要比辉绿岩年龄(46.1M a)老,辉长岩为冈底斯陆块向欧亚大陆板块碰撞拼贴过程中,逆冲挤压结束的标志,辉绿岩为大规模逆冲挤压剪切结束,青藏高原隆升初期拉张作用的产物。     

沉积环境的地球化学示踪

运用地球化学的方法,通过研究沉积岩或沉积物中各常量、微量元素及各种同位素特征,来示踪古沉积环境,以了解当时的沉积特征。通过Sr/Ba法、硼元素法、碳氧同位素法等地球化学指标判定海相沉积还是陆相沉积及了解古盐度信息;不同气候条件下特定元素(如P、Sr等)含量及元素比值(如Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca)可指示特定的古气候条件;沉积水体的氧化还原状态可通过氧化还原敏感元素(如Mo、U、V、Ni、Ce、Eu等)的分析得到较好的恢复;古水深以及海平面的相对变化则利用了元素迁移能力的差异,通过查明不同深度带沉积的元素组合(Fe族、Mn族)、比值(Sr/Ba、Sr/Ca)及同位素(87Sr/86Sr比值)的不同加以判定。沉积环境的地球化学特征同样可以用来判定沉积物源、物源岩性和构造背景及热水沉积。     

中国关于砷的研究进展

综述了近年来有关中国的砷污染状况、相关的分析监测技术及砷化合物毒性的研究进展.在中国部分地区,长期砷暴露导致了严重的区域性的砷中毒,主要的暴露途径是饮用水、食物和煤炭的燃烧.样品前处理、砷的富集和形态分析技术的丰富和发展,为环境科学、毒理学和流行病学的研究提供了可靠的技术支持.生物检测是一种直接有效的污染物健康风险评估...     

新书介绍

<正>本书重点介绍了过去10余年间作者在香港科技大学实验室对于微量金属生态毒理学和生物地球化学的室对于微量金属生态毒理学和生物地球化学的研究成果。作者以生态毒理学的三大框架,即环境运输、生物累积、     

A review of environmental characteristics and effects of low-molecular weight organic acids in the surface ecosystem

Low molecular weight organic acids （LMWOAs） are prevalent on the earth＇s surface. They are vital intermediate products during metabolic pathways of organic matter and participate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle during life activities. Photochemical reactions are pivotal for LMWOAs＇ origination and play a large role in determining their diversity and their ultimate fate. Within the long time that organic matter is preserved in sediments, it can be decomposed and converted to release organic and inorganic pollutants as well as C, N, and P nutrients, which are of potential ecological risk in causing secondary pollution to lake water. The sediment pool is a comprehensive and complex compartment closely associated with overlying water by various biochemical processes, during which LMWOAs play critical roles to transport and transform elements. This article elucidates geochemical behaviors of LMWOAs in the surface environment in details, taking natural water, soil, and aerosol as examples, focusing on reviewing research developments on sources and characteristics, migration and mineralization of LMWOAs and relevant environmental effects. Simultaneously, this review article depicts the categories and contents of LMWOAs or their contribution to DOC in environmental media, and evaluates their importance during organic matter early diagenesis. Through concluding and discussing the conversion mechanisms and influencing factors, the next research orientations on LMWOAs in lake ecosystems are determined, mainly concerning relationships with hydrochemical parameters and microorganisms, and interactions with pollutants. This will enrich the knowledge on organic matter degradation and related environmental effects, and help reconstruct a theoretical framework for organic compound succession and influencing factors, providing basic data for lake eutrophication and ecological risk assessment, conducive to better control over water pollution and proper management of water quality.     

Attenuation of arsenic in a karst subterranean stream and correlation with geochemical factors: A case study at Lihu, South China

Arsenic （As） pollutants generated by human activities in karst areas flow into subterranean streams and contaminate groundwater easily because of the unique hydrogeological characteristics of karst areas. To elucidate the reaction mechanisms of arsenic in karst subterranean streams, physical-chemical analysis was conducted by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer and an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The results show that inorganic species account for most of the total arsenic, whereas organic arsenic is not detected or occurs in infinitesimal amounts. As（III） accounts for 51.0% ± 9.9% of the total inorganic arsenic. Arsenic attenuation occurs and the attenuation rates of total As, As（III） and As（V） in the Lihu subterranean stream are 51%, 36% and 59%, respectively. To fully explain the main geochemical factors influencing arsenic attenuation, SPSS 13.0 and CANOCO 4.5 bundled with CanoDraw for Windows were used for simple statistical analysis and redundancy analysis （RDA）. Eight main factors, i.e., sediment iron （SFe）, sediment aluminum （SAI）, sediment calcium （SCa）, sediment organic matter （SOM）, sediment manganese （SMn）, water calcium （WCa^2＋）, water magnesium （WMg^2＋）, and water bicarbonate ion （WILCOX） were extracted from thirteen indicators. Their impacts on arsenic content rank as： SFe〉SCa〉WCa^2＋〉SAl〉wHCO3^-〉SMn〉SOM〉WMg^2＋. Of these factors, SFe, SAl, SCa, SOM, SMn, WMg^2＋ and WCa＆2＋ promote arsenic attenuation, whereas WHCO3^- inhibits it. Further investigation revealed that the redox potential （Eh） and pH are adverse to arsenic removal. The dramatic distinction between karst and non-karst terrain is that calcium and bicarbonate are the primary factors influencing arsenic migration in karst areas due to the high calcium concentration and alkalinity of karst water.