新疆资源环境绩效研究

提高资源环境绩效是我国生态恢复与重建的核心和关键.利用资源环境绩效指数(REPI)对我国西部生态环境脆弱区的新疆维吾尔自治区资源环境绩效进行了系统分析,结果表明:新疆仍然为我国资源环境绩效水平最为落后的地区之一.综合绩效指数由2000年的212.8逐步下降为2006年的148.1,资源综合绩效虽有提高,但仍然处于全国(西藏除外)第27位.建设用地占用强度明显下降,COD排放强度逐步下降,工业固体废弃物产生强度和能源消耗强度有所增加,用水强度降幅明显,能源消耗总量显著提高,用水总量略有上升.建设用地总量先降后升.SO2总体绩效均高于西部平均水平,SO2排放绩效指数呈现"S"型曲线.COD排放绩效指数下降不够明显,基本保持88.44的均值水平.绩效高于2000-2006年西部平均水平和2000-2003年中部平均水平,但远低于东部和全国平均水平.提高新疆资源环境综合绩效任重而道远.资源环境指数与经济发展水平和发展阶段密切相关,而且成为影响区域竞争力的重要因素.新疆建设节约型社会不能超越现有发展阶段和基本国情、区情,但是通过加大结构调整和技术创新力度以及采用综合配套措施完全有可能缩短目前能源、资源密集型的发展阶段,提升新疆在我国西部地区的综合竞争力,进而实现可持续发展.     

影响企业实施绿色供应链管理制约因素的实证分析

当今绿色供应链管理日益成为企业提升国际竞争力的重要战略.中国企业已经有压力和动机开展绿色供应链管理,但还没有真正转化为实践.探讨中国企业实施绿色供应链管理的制约因素,为政府推动和企业实施绿色供应链管理提供决策支持.在获得289份问卷的基础上,识别出制约中国企业实施绿色供应链管理的影响因素,包括企业意识与能力、财务绩效和成本、供应链影响及政府法规等.进一步通过描述性统计分析、关联分析和回归分析发现:政府法规对绿色供应链管理的制约影响最大,而企业内部的意识和能力是企业实施绿色供应链管理的关键.因此,中国政府必须加强法规建设和执法力度,激发企业开展绿色供应链管理;而企业只有主动提高意识和能力,才能有效实施绿色供应链管理.     

China＇s Land Carrying Capacity Based on Man-grain Relationships

With population growth and increasing pressure on land resources, land carrying capacity （LCC） and food safety have been attracting great attention worldwide. From the point of man-grain relationship and by establishing LCC and land carrying capacity index （LCCI） models, this article firstly analyzes the spatial-temporal dynamics of LCC of China from 1949 to 2005 at county, provincial and national levels. Choosing 2005 as a representative year, this article then evaluates the LCC of 264 pastoral regions （semipastoral regions）, 663 urban regions and 592 poverty stricken regions of the country. The results show that： （1） from 1949 to 2005, with the increase of grain production, the LCC of China has been improved conspicuously, but due to the rapid population growth, the production can only maintain a low level grain consumption; （2） over the past 25 years （1980-2005）, the number of population overloading provinces decreased from 23 to 15 and the mangrain relationship has been improved gradually, but there were more overloading provinces than surplus provinces in China; （3） at county level, there were 1572 overloading counties in 1980 accounting for 68.26% of the total counties of the country and where were 649 million people lived, while in 1990, 2000 and 2005, the number of overloading counties were 1066, 1133 and 1087 respectively, which shows that the man-grain relationship has been improved obviously during the past 25 years; as for spatial distribution, the surplus counties were mainly concentrated in agriculture developed regions, such as Northeast Plain, North China Plain, middle and lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Plain, and overloading counties were mainly located in regions with poor natural environment and low grain production capacity, such as Northwest China, Tibetan Plateau and Loess Plateau and economically developed urban regions, such as Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai; （4） animal husbandry improved greatly the LCC of pastoral and semi-pastoral regions, while urban regions were overloading for increasing population pressure and more than half of poverty stricken regions were overloading due to critical natural environment and poor economic conditions.     

Non-agricultural Population, Employment and Land： An Econometric Study in an Integrated Framework

Abstract： his paper explored the relationships among nonagricultural population, employment and land in an integrated framework, taking account of rural-urban land conversion into Carlino-Mills＇s model on the regional growth. Two-stage-leastsquares and ordinary-least-squares were employed. Recent data for district （grade） cities in China （from 1999 to 2005） were used. Our results showed that： first, urban population influenced non-agricultural employment, and vice versa, but the evidence that non-agricultural employment influenced urban population was stronger than the evidence that urban population influenced non-agricultural employment; second, urban population and non-agricultural employment both influenced ruralurban land conversion, but the evidence that urban population influenced rural urban land conversion was more stronger than the evidence that non-agricultural employment did. We also found that： first, the employment from the secondary industry influenced urban population in a positive way, and vice versa, but the employment from the tertiary industry influenced urban population in a negative way, and vice versa; second, the employment from the secondary industry influenced rural-urban land conversion in a positive way, but the employment from the tertiary industry influenced rural-urban land conversion in a negative way. We can conclude that the key of urbanization is to speed up the process of non-agricultural employment, especially the employment from the tertiary industry, which might promote non-agricultural population, employment and land harmoniously.     

持续提升安全健康管理绩效——建立运行基于本质安全化的OHSMS

1 问题的提出 许多组织,特别是建立了职业健康安全管理体系(OHSMS-Occupational Health and Safety Management System)的组织,越来越感到OHSMS的持续改进对组织绩效提升起着十分重要的作用.     

ERP在企业安全管理中的应用

工业安全ERP是宁波钢铁有限公司与台湾中冠公司合作开发的工业安全管理信息系统,通过1年多来不断地实践、完善,在公司安全管理体系的主要环节和过程全面融人工安ERP,逐步实现了安全管理信息化、安全绩效监控动态化,达到了安全管理改善持续化的要求。同时,该系统的应用对企业落实安全生产责任制及推进安全管理标准化发挥了积极的作用。     

城市交通紧凑式发展对土地绿色利用效率的影响——基于空间计量的实证分析

城市交通实现紧凑式发展是必然趋势。土地要素作为城市交通高质量发展的载体,探究城市交通紧凑式发展如何影响土地绿色利用效率,对促进城市土地集约利用、实现碳中和目标具有重要的现实意义。因此,基于2005—2019年中国东部地区84个城市的相关数据,分别构建城市交通紧凑度和土地绿色利用效率评价体系,运用熵值法和非期望产出超效率SBM模型测算城市交通紧凑度和土地绿色利用效率并分析其时空演化规律,最后通过建立空间误差模型探究交通紧凑式发展对城市土地绿色利用效率的影响,并解析了不同交通因子对土地绿色利用效率的差异化作用效果。研究结果表明：(1)2005—2019年东部地区城市交通紧凑度整体不断提升,且区域差距呈逐渐缩小之势。(2)研究期内东部地区城市土地绿色利用效率具有显著的空间正相关且利用率整体呈上升趋势,平均效率值由2005年的0.393提升到2018年的0.618;2019年受政府环境规制影响效率值又下降为0.398。(3)空间计量结果表明,在考虑空间效应的情况下,城市交通紧凑式发展对土地绿色利用效率存在正向的显著性影响;且交通可达性因子的影响力最强,公交系统效率因子居中,交通基础设施建设因子...     

土地资源可持续利用的生态经济系统分析

论述了土地生态经济系统的特点和实现土地可持续利用的生态经济条件,土地生态经济系统是土地生态系统与土地经济系统耦合而成的复合系统,土地可持续利用与生态经济平衡存在着内在联系生态经济平衡是实现土地可持续利用的前提条件。土地可持续利用目标是在土地开发利用过程中,实现生态、经济和三效益的协调统一;遵循生态经济规律是实现土地资源可持续利用的必要条件。     

江苏省征地制度与农村社会经济发展调查

现行征地制度所面临的诸多问题。从本质上决定予以集体土地产权特征为核心所形成的制度环境。基于此，从政府土地管理行政人员和农民两个不同的视角。对江苏省征地制度及农村社会经济发展的内在关系进行了抽样调查。调查内容围绕着征地制度的实施状况。广泛涉及到政府的规划及用地制度。农村集体土地产权认知和农民生产、生活等与征地制度实施效果紧密联系的制度环境现状。通过分析和总结二者的内在关联。对征地制度的改革方向提出了富有针对性的政策建议。     

中国东南沿海地区耕地资源保护与可持续利用

我国东南沿海地区具有优越的地理区位和气候条件,加上地区开发历史悠久,已成为中国经济最发达的地区之一。然而,近十多年来,由于经济以超常规速度发展,第二,三产业的发展速度,第二,三产业的发展速度大幅度加快,人多地少的矛盾日益突出,导致耕地面积不断萎缩,耕地质量不断下降。利用率和产出率显著滑坡,滥占耕地,占而不用及闲置浪费的现象相当普遍。以浙江省乐清市为例,近年来耕地以平均每年１．２％的速率在减少,目前