丰田:汽车与再生利用

不管是多么经典的汽车,性能再好再美观,也都有“退役”的时候。报废的汽车若处置不当,不仅污染环境,占用土地资源,而且也是资源的极大浪费。不过,著名的汽车制造厂家——丰田公司很好地解决了这个问题,目前其回收再利用率已经达到90％以上。     

Ranking Agricultural Sub-basins for Environmental Protection

Reconstructing long-term vegetation buffers along streams in agricultural landscapes has become a common environmental restoration strategy for improving water quality and wildlife habitat connectivity. This article developed a linear weighted model to rank the priority of agricultural sub-basins for the establishment of vegetative buffers. The method was applied to an agricultural watershed of 146 km2 in Ontario, Canada. The watershed was divided into 11 sub-basins as basic decision units. In each sub-basin, four stream buffer schemes with widths of 5, 10, 15 and 20m were generated. For each buffer, three benefit-cost attributes of reconstructing vegetation cover were estimated, which include acreage per dollar, sediment abatement per dollar and habitat benefit per dollar. These attributes were first normalized using a linear normalization approach to eliminate the effects across different units. The normalized attributes were then integrated using a simple additive weighting method to rank the 11 sub-basins for prioritizing spatial restoration action. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to observe the impact of a change in attribute weights on the management decisions. The results suggest that vegetation buffers reconstructed for achieving the water quality goal are not effective in improving habitat connectivity and vice versa.     

Decoupling Relationship Between Cultivated Land Occupation by Construction and Economic Growth in China During 1998-2007

With the rapid development of economy, the conversion of cultivated land into nonagricultural land occurs more frequently and makes cultivated land sparser. This article based on the decoupling theory takes the situations of cultivated land occupation by construction and economic growth in China from 1998 to 2007 as an example to evaluate and analyze the decoupling. The conclusions are drawn as follows. First, the article applies IU curve and gross method. The decoupling status by gross method, in contrast to that by IU curve, can express the pressure from cultivated land occupation better and is similar to the decoupling status based on the model of decoupling in this article. Second, in most provinces of China, the relationship between the cultivated land occupation by construction and economic growth has transformed from expansive negative decoupling to strong decoupling. In general, the transformation was firstly from economically advanced eastern municipalities under the central government directly, then to economically advanced eastern coastal provinces, and lastly to central, western and northeastern regions. Third, the decoupling status was relative to contemporaneous policies and laws on cultivated land protection and regional development planning. Their effect is obvious and positive.     

中国将对地方政府主要负责人实施“土地问责”

从今年2月开始,中国将通过卫星遥感图片执法检查,就耕地保护等土地管理问题对县级以上的地方人民政府主要负责人实施问责。     

沿海城市土地集约利用水平演变研究——以大连市为例

根据城市土地集约利用涵义,综合考虑沿海城市化进程中城市土地集约利用的经济、社会与环境效益,选取了大连市1997—2007年8项指标,运用主成分分析法进行城市土地集约利用水平评价。在评价基础上结合大连城市发展特征,分析了城市土地集约利用水平演变趋势和阶段性。结果表明,大连城市土地集约利用水平逐年提高,且具有缓慢的连续性和骤增的阶段性特征。连续性提高是由于城市人口、经济聚集、经济容量增大、人口密度增加、城市设施局部优化完善使城市土地集约利用水平不断提高;阶段性提高是由于建成区土地面积扩张期伴随大幅度城市用地结构的优化调整和城市设施的整体完善过程,使城市土地集约利用水平显著提高。     

许昌市土地资源利用结构优化配置研究

土地资源优化配置是城市化进程中面临的主要问题,土地利用结构优化配置是土地利用总体规划的主要内容和基本方法,也是区域经济和社会发展规划的重要依据.在对许昌市土地利用变化分析的基础上,结合当地社会经济发展的需求和有关规划控制指标,借助线性规划模型求解未来许昌市土地利用结构的优化方案,力求提高土地利用的综合效益,实现土地资源永续利用和国民经济持续发展.     

贵州兴义市采矿区土地修复初报

兴义市对采矿区进行土地修复,用6个月的时间开展土地修复100hm^2,其中耕地54hm^2。耕地生产能力逐年增大,植被增加32％～65％,水土流失降低60％～85％。做法：掘井采矿区类,用矿渣回填矿井与建挡土墙造成梯土,对采矿弃土和客土进行pH值调整和分层填埋有机质3-8个月后植树造林或为耕地;平洞-裸露采矿区类,先作为城乡垃圾场所,填至离平面1．0～1．2m时,客土并植树造林或为耕地;裸露采土矿区类,水源条件好的改建成养鱼池,否则先作为城乡垃圾场所,填至离平面0．8～1．0m时,客土为耕地。     

基于生态和社会经济约束的区域土地整治潜力评价研究

准确评价区域耕地整治、农村居民点整治、废弃地复垦和未利用地开发4种类型的土地整治潜力是实现区域统筹规划和保障粮食安全的重要前提。通过选取能反映区域四种土地整治类型内在和外在潜力的指标因素,引入生态安全和社会经济双重制约条件,结合层次分析法和约束条件评价模型对研究区域生态安全和经济社会约束下的土地整治综合潜力开展定量评价,并采用K-Means聚类方法进行潜力分区。研究结果表明:高生态安全和经济发展水平条件能提高区域土地整治潜力水平,反之则制约土地整治潜力水平,同时根据约束条件的土地整治潜力评价结果将研究区域划分为土地整治高潜力区、较高潜力区、一般潜力区和低潜力区,与无约束条件下的土地整治潜力评价结果相比,该分区结果更加符合当地实际情况。该研究一方面可为生态文明建设背景下的土地整治潜力评价提供新方法,另一方面可为新一轮土地整治统筹规划提供有效的依据和参考。     

土地整治驱动下土地利用和景观格局变化研究——以上海市合庆镇为例

基于上海市合庆镇土地整治项目,通过土地利用指数、空间自相关性以及景观格局指数的分析:(1)土地整治带来的区域土地利用变化情况;(2)验证土地整治是否能起到土地集聚的作用;(3)使用景观格局指数分析土地利用空间配置关系。结果表明,整治后的项目区内建设用地明显减少,耕地数量明显增加,并且土地利用程度综合指数等土地利用指数同土地整治活动之间存在相关性。使用全局空间自相关分析方法能够很好地验证土地整治活动对土地产生的集聚效应,并且在5~10m的格网尺度下采用土地利用程度修正模型能很好地反映建设用地和耕地的局部集聚效应。此外,区域由以农业活动和非农业活动并存转向以农业活动为主,"斑块-廊道-基质"的景观结构变化显著。     

淮南大通浅覆盖岩溶区塌陷分布及土地利用可行性

通过地质调查、钻探、物探等方法对淮南大通浅覆盖岩溶区岩溶塌陷的分布特征及诱因进行了分析,结果表明,大通浅覆盖岩溶区岩溶塌陷主要分布于下伏奥陶系马家沟组地层之上,以及构造发育区和松散层粉土含量较高区,岩溶塌陷主要受岩石溶蚀程度、强烈地下水动力条件及松散层厚度、成分等控制。结合岩溶塌陷发育特征及场地具体条件,探讨了大通浅覆盖型岩溶区土地利用的可行性,为土地综合开发利用提供参考。