农村水污染防治与新农村建设

我国农村水体环境污染问题越来越突出,必须引起高度重视,采取有效措施予以防治是当务之急。文章从分析农村水体污染成因入手,提出了相应对策。     

岱海水质咸化及对策研究

流域内人口增加及工农业生产的发展，截流了大量低盐度的地表水和地下水；同时，流域内土中度的开发利用，造成土壤盐份淋溶加剧等，导致了岱海水位下降，大量的盐份累积于湖体是造成海水质咸化的主要原因。并据此提出了相应的对策。     

长江中上游部分江段水细菌质粒的研究

<正> 质粒是宿主细胞染色体外的遗传因子,它常常携带着有重要功能的基因,据报道:细菌的产毒性、抗药性以及对难分解物质的降解性与质粒都有密切关系。许多研究表明,虽然质粒较广泛地分布在细菌各种属中,但在一般环境中它对宿主本身的生存并非都是必要的。在不良条件下,如营养物质缺乏,有毒污染物和酸、碱等限制因子存在的情况下,细菌质粒有着重要的生态学意义。     

Effect of electron beam irradiation on the degradation of monochlorophenols in aqueous solution

Electron beam was successfully used for the degradation of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) in aqueous solutions in this research. The effect of radiation dose on substrate degradation and dechlorination of solutions with concentration of 50mg/L was investigated. The effect of initial concentration, pH and presence of oxygen was also investigated. The concentration of 2-CP and 4-CP remaining in solution after irradiation were measured by HPLC. The results showed that increased radiation dose led to increased degradation of the chlorophenols and increased CI^- yield. Deaeration was also found to significantly increase the rate of degradation of chlorphenols in water while degradation and dechlodnation under alkaline condition was lower than at low to neutral pH.     

Investigation on Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd fractions in the natural surface coating samples and surficial sediments in the Songhua River, China

Natural surface coating samples （NSCSs） from the surface of shingles and surficial sediments （SSs） in the Songhua River, China were employed to investigate the relationship between NSCSs and SSs in fractions of heavy metals （Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd） using the modified sequential extraction procedure （MSEP）. The results show that the differences between NSCSs and SSs in Fe fi＇actions were insignificant and Fe was dominantly present as residual phase （76.22% for NSCSs and 80.88% for SSs） and Fe-oxides phase （20.33% for NSCSs and 16.15% for SSs）. Significant variation of Mn distribution patterns between NSCSs and SSs was observed with Mn in NSCSs mainly present in Mn-oxides phase （48.27%） and that in SSs present as residual phase （45.44%）. Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd were found dominantly in residual fractions （〉48%）, and next in solid oxides/hydroxides for Zn, Pb and Cd and in easily oxidizable solids/compounds form for Cu, respectively. The heavy metal distribution patterns implied that Fe/Mn oxides both in NSCSs and SSs were more important sinks for binding and adsorption of Zn, Pb and Cd than organic matter （OM）, and inversely, higher affinity of Cu to OM than Fe/Mn oxides in NSCSs and SSs was obtained. Meanwhile, it was found that the distributions of heavy metals in NSCSs and SSs were similar to each other and the pseudo-total concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in NSCSs were greater than those in SSs, highlighting the more importance for NSCSs than SSs in controlling behaviours of heavy metals in aquatic environments.     

青山水库底泥磷释放与库区水体磷浓度的关系

通过对青山水库底泥磷释放特性的实验结果分析,对照库区水体浓度监测的数据,确定了库区各测点底磷释放量与水体浓度之间的关系,进而为库区环境总量控制与各支流的分配计算提供了依据。同时也为防止水库的进一步富营养化,进而改善水质提供了新的思路。     

“肥水”流进自家的河——城市磷污染现象透析

广西首府南宁市有一条横穿市区的小河,穿过市中心的主干道朝阳路,绕过繁华的朝阳广场、百货大楼、交易商场、和平商场等商业区,它有一个美丽的名字——朝阳溪.然而这条河的环境可不象它的名字那么美,多年来,一直污水横流、臭气熏天,成为南宁市不光彩的“标志”.据了解,70年代以前,这里的水还是很清的,附近的居民常在溪中洗澡、洗衣物、游泳,水中不时有鱼儿穿梭游曳,如今的朝阳溪为何清溪变浊流?环保人士说:这是因为水体受到了严重的污染,在诸多的污染物中,磷便是其中之一.而磷污染的主要来源是随生活污水排放的含磷洗衣粉、洗涤液、肥皂、清洗剂等.人们在清洁自己身体、衣物和居室的时候,却把自己城市的河流、湖泊给污染了.也许有人会问,这些洗涤用品能把衣物洗干净,水也应该是干净的,为什么会使水变黑发臭成了污染物了呢?     

苯酚对两种微囊藻生长的作用效应

用不同浓度的苯酚处理无毒铜绿微囊藻和有毒铜绿微囊藻。结果显示不加苯酚处理时，有毒藻生长量明显高于无毒藻；100μg／mL的苯酚促进无毒藻生长而抑制有毒藻的生长；苯酚浓度增至200μg／mL，无毒藻的生长才受到抑制。高浓度苯酚胁迫下的藻细胞：光合速率大幅度降低；可溶性蛋白含量减少；细胞膜透性增大；超氧阴离子(O2^-)产生速率和丙二醛(MDA)相对含量升高；超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性降低。这些变化有毒藻较无毒藻更显著。表明：有毒微囊藻是水华中的优势种群；两种藻中有毒藻对苯酚的敏感性更大。