煤矿应急资源优化管理与调度监控研究

为了提高煤矿应急资源在日常的分类分级管理和在突发事故救援过程中的统一调度,把煤矿应急资源划分为人员流、物资流和信息流,并且通过构建煤矿应急资源救援调度模型和建立煤矿应急资源实时监控机制,提高应急资源在突发事故或预案演练中的应急保障能力,最终实现应急资源的日常分类管理、灾时统一调度的应急联动体系。     

攀钢煤化工厂废水处理系统优化改造

攀钢煤化工厂废水处理系统于2008年3月优化改造,采用A／O^2＋生物接触氧化工艺对废水进行处理。改造后系统运行处理能力和稳定性均得到提高,生化系统出水水质稳定,氨氮≤15mg／L,COD≤150mg／L。     

Modeling of air quality with a modified two-dimensional Eulerian model： A case study in the Pearl River Delta （PRD） region of China

A modified two-dimensional Eulerian air quality model was used to simulate both the gaseous and particulate pollutant concentrations during October 21-24, 2004 in the Pearl River Delta （PRD） region, China. The most significant improvement to the model is the added capability to predict the secondary organic aerosols （SOA） concentrations because of the inclusion of the SOA formation chemistry. The meteorological input data were prepared using the CALMET meteorological model. The concentrations of aerosol-bound species such as NO3^-, NH4^＋, SO4^2-, and SOA were calculated in the fine particle size range （〈2.5 μm）. The results of the two-dimensional model were compared to the measurements at the ground level during the PRD Intensive Monitoring Campaign （IMC）. Overall, there were good agreements between the measured and modeled concentrations of inorganic aerosol components and O3. Both the measured and the modeled results indicated that the maximum hourly O3 concentrations exceeded the China National Air Quality Standard. The predicted 24-h average SOA concentrations were in reasonable agreement with those predicted by the method of minimum OC/EC ratio.     

Water quality characteristics along the course of the Huangpu River （China）

Huangpu River is about 114.5 km from upriver Dianfeng to downriver Wusong,near the estuary of the Yangtze River.It plays a key role in supplying water for production,life,shipment and irrigation.With the industrial development,the pollution of the Huangpu River has become serious recently.The biological oxygen demand (BOD),total nitrogen (TN),total phosphorus (TP),oil,phenol and suspended solids (SS) were lower in the upstream sites than in the downstream sites,indicating pollutants being input along its course. Water quality was the worst in the Yangpu site,near the center of Shanghai City.Dissolved oxygen (DO) content was less than 2 mg/L in the site of Yangpu in July.Among relations between thirteen characteristics,relations between BOD,DO,TN,TP,NH_4~ -N, NO_3~--N and the count of total bacteria or Escherichia coli were significant and interdependent.Inner relationships between these main characteristics in the Huangpu River were studied.High nutrient concentration led to growth of microorganisms,including E.coli. Degradation of organic matters and respiration of bacteria made oxygen concentration decreased in the water body,and DO was a key factor for nitrification-denitrification process of nitrogen.In the Yangpu site,DO was decreased to less than 3.0 mg/L with BOD higher than 7.5 mg/L in May and July.Low DO concentration will decrease nitrification rate.Nitrification need at higher DO value than other organic substrate oxidation.Consequently,river water contains low NO_3~--N values with high amounts of TN and NH_4~ -N there.This will block the self-purification of surface water,by decreasing the rate of nitrification-denitrification transformation process in the water body.     

液液萃取-气相色谱/串联质谱法测定水中五氯酚及其钠盐

采用液液萃取处理水样,用气相色谱-串联质谱法测定样品中五氯酚及其钠盐,通过优化测定条件,使方法在1.00μg/L～500μg/L范围内线性良好.检出限和定量限分别为1.00μg/L和5.00μg/L,空白水样五氯酚钠3个质量浓度水平的加标回收率为89.8％～98.4％,5次平行试验测定结果的RSD为5.5％～10.7％...     

乡镇污水处理厂运行现状及建议

通过对中南部某市28个乡镇污水处理厂运行现状的调研,发现进水水量和污染物浓度普遍低于设计值,部分污水处理厂流程简单、工艺落后,管理人员技术力量和管理水平薄弱,针对以上问题进行详细分析和探讨,并提出相应建议和对策.     

中国畜牧业脱钩分析及影响因素研究

畜牧业已成为全球人为温室气体的主要排放源,同时,畜禽粪便成为环境污染的重要源头。本文在测算我国畜牧业温室气体排放的基础上,基于脱钩理论分析了我国畜牧业温室气体排放与畜牧业产值之间的脱钩情况,并借助LMDI模型对影响我国畜牧业温室气体排放的影响因素进行分解,结果表明:我国畜牧业CH4和N2O排放量分别由2001年的1 068.40万t和39.37万t变化到2011年的1 041.81万t和40.87万t,肠道发酵是CH4排放的最大贡献者,而粪便管理则是N2O排放的重要诱因;在肠道发酵CH4排放中,排放最多的是牛,其次是山羊和绵羊,最少的是兔子,在粪便管理CH4排放中,排放最多的是猪,最少的是骆驼;生猪和牛是粪便管理N2O排放的主要贡献者,而骆驼最少;2001-2011年期间我国畜牧业温室气体排放与畜牧业产值之间的脱钩状态主要分为强脱钩和弱脱钩两种状态,整体脱钩弹性值为-0.004,呈强脱钩状态,脱钩稳定性系数为1.428 7,脱钩稳定性较差;经济因素是影响我国畜牧业温室气体排放的最大因素,短期内效率因素是我国畜牧业低碳化发展的最主要诱因,而从长期来看劳动力因素是我国畜牧业低碳化发展的最主要因素。笔者认为,强化低碳养殖技术和粪便清洁处理技术的研发与应用,培育畜禽优良品种,提升畜牧业从业人员的专业素质,推动农村剩余劳动力转移就业,培育职业农民,促进畜牧养殖业的规模化、集约化经营,提升饲料转化效率,是我国畜牧业温室气体减排的关键和实现路径。     

环境-经济系统整合模型的构建研究

环境经济系统整合模型的研究将环境的、经济的、社会的因素整合在可持续发展框架中．模拟、分析经济系统与环境系统之闻的相互作用和反馈关系。本文在分析环境经济系统整合模型构建的背景、理论与方法的基础上．设计了环境经济系统整合模型开发的技术路线．提出了环境经济系统整合模型的主要内容。     

基于单元格网的STREAM分布式水文模型及其应用——以太湖上游西苕溪流域为例

STREAM模型是基于单元格网的分布式水文模型,可以利用易于获取的地理信息,揭示气候变化及下垫面改变对水循环的复杂影响.选择太湖上游西苕溪流域为研究区,采用1979～1999年的26个降水站实测序列和不同时段的土地利用数据,应用GIS流域分析方法与空间插值技术建立300 m的流域格网信息,并通过BLAISE脚本语言实现STREAM模型与GIS的集成,应用1979～1999年水文站实测序列对模型进行率定和验证.结果显示月径流量和年径流量模拟与实测值吻合良好,1980～1988年模型率定期,月径流量的确定性系数为0.78,年径流量的确定性系数为0.86,各年平均相对误差仅为6%;1989～1999年模型验证期,月径流量的确定性系数为0.75,年径流量的确定性系数为0.82,各年平均相对误差为9.5%.研究证实模型有较强的预测能力,在流域管理与决策中具有较好的应用前景.     

滨海旅游环境承载力评价与量化测度研究——以山东半岛蓝色经济区为例

旅游环境承载力是区域旅游可持续发展的重要评判依据,目前国内外旅游环境承载力研究方法和技术手段仍显不足,多以静态评价分析为主,缺乏动态预测研究,旅游环境承载力定量研究的技术与方法尚需深入探索。本文结合滨海旅游的自身特点,构建由资源、生态、经济、社会四个承载子系统构成的滨海旅游环境承载力评价体系,按照评价体系的层次结构构造判断矩阵,采用层次分析法确定评价指标权重,运用物元评价模型和灰色预测模型,对山东半岛蓝色经济区滨海旅游环境承载力水平进行量化测度与系统分析。结果表明,半岛蓝色经济区滨海旅游环境各个承载子系统存在一定的承载差异,滨海旅游资源和生态环境承载能力较强,滨海旅游经济和社会环境子系统还有较大的承载空间;从时序变化上看,滨海旅游环境综合承载能力不断提高,并呈现可持续的运行态势;从空间差异上看,青岛、烟台、潍坊和威海四个城市滨海旅游环境承载状态处于"良好"等级,而东营、日照和滨州三个城市滨海旅游环境承载状态处于"一般"等级。因此,提高区域整体承载潜力,平衡地区承载差异,对于促进半岛蓝色经济区滨海旅游资源有序开发和滨海旅游产业合理布局具有重要的现实意义。