冬季长江口及其邻近水域的浮游植物

根据2006年2月19日～3月5日在长江口及其邻近水域进行的大面调查所获样品,报道了该水域浮游植物的群落特征.此次调查共发现浮游植物5门56属116种(包括未定名17种).调查水域浮游植物群落以硅藻为主,其次为甲藻,此外还有少量的金藻、蓝藻和绿藻.主要优势种为具槽帕拉藻Paralia sulcata、离心列海链藻Thalassiosira excentricus、圆海链藻Thalassiosira rotula和辐射圆筛藻Coscinodiscus radiatus.调查区浮游植物的细胞丰度介于(111.11～2315.56)×104 /m3,平均值为914.87 ×104 /m3.近岸和调查区的东北部表层浮游植物丰度较高,其他区域表层丰度较低.浮游植物的垂直分布特征是细胞丰度的最大值出现在表层以下,随深度的增加,浮游植物的细胞丰度先上升后下降.多样性分析表明,香农-威纳多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数在近岸口门处较高,离岸水域较低.     

Phosphorus utilization and microbial community in response to lead/ironaddition to a waterlogged soil

Constructed wetlands have emerged as a viable option for helping to solve a wide range of water quality problems. However, heavymetals adsorbed by substrates would decrease the growth of plants, impair the functions of wetlands and eventually result in a failureof contaminant removal. Typha latifolia L., tolerant to heavy metals, has been widely used for phytoremediation of Pb/Zn mine tailingsunder waterlogged conditions. This study examined e ects of iron as ferrous sulfate (100 and 500 mg/kg) and lead as lead nitrate (0,100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) on phosphorus utilization and microbial community structure in a constructed wetland. Wetland plants (T.latifolia) were grown for 8 weeks in rhizobags filled with a paddy soil under waterlogged conditions. The results showed that both theamount of iron plaque on the roots and phosphorus adsorbed on the plaque decreased with the amount of lead addition. When the ratioof added iron to lead was 1:1, phosphorus utilized by plants was the maximum. Total amount of phospholipids fatty acids (PLFAs)was 23%–59% higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil. The relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria, aerobic bacteria, andmethane oxidizing bacteria was also higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil, but opposite was observed for other bacteria andfungi. Based on cluster analysis, microbial communities were mostly controlled by the addition of ferrous sulfate and lead nitrate inrhizosphere and bulk soil, respectively.     

Biofilm structure and its influence on clogging in drip irrigation emittersdistributing reclaimed wastewater

Using reclaimed wastewater for crop irrigation is a practical alternative to discharge wastewater treatment plant effluents into surface waters.However,biofouling has been identified as a major contributor to emitter clogging in drip irrigation systems distributing reclaimed wastewater.Little is known about the biofilm structure and its influence on clogging in the drip emitter flow path.This study was first to investigate the microbial characteristics of mature biofilms present in the emitters and the effect of flow path structures on the biofilm microbial communities.The analysis of biofilm matrix structure using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that particles in the matrix of the biofilm coupled extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and formed sediment in the emitter flow path.Analysis of biofilm mass including protein,polysaccharide and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) showed that emitter flow path style influenced biofilm community structure and diversity.The correlations of biofilm biomass and discharge reduction after 360 h irrigation were computed and suggest that PFLAs provide the best correlation coefficient.Comparatively,the emitter with the unsymmetrical dentate structure and shorter flow path (Emitter C) had the best anti-clogging capability.By optimizing the dentate structure,the internal flow pattern within the flow path could be enhanced as an important method to control the biofilm within emitter flow path.This study established electron microscope techniques and biochemical microbial analysis methods that may provide a framework for future emitter biofilm studies.     

肇庆:从环保角度推进经济结构战略性调整策略

环境保护一个重要的职能是统筹协调好人类社会发展与环境(特指自然环境)的关系,并通过内涵式、生态化的发展,实现人类社会的可持续发展.     

大力开发利用核能解决环境问题

环境保护部部长周生贤日前强调,核电是当今最现实可行、能大规模发展的替代能源,是优化中国能源结构、保障能源供应安全的必由之路。要逐步改变以煤为主的能源结构,发展清洁能源,从源头上解决环境问题。     

酚类化合物气相色谱保留指数的定量结构相关性研究

应用偏最小二乘回归技术建立了102种酚类化合物气相色谱保留指数与分子全息结构间的相关模型,在最佳建模条件下得到非交叉验证相关系数(r2)为0.965,交叉验证相关系数(q_LOO2)为0.963. 从102种酚类化合物中随机选出68种作为训练集,其余作为测试集,来验证分子全息QSRR模型的预测能力和稳健性. 在最佳建模条件对训练集进行偏最小二乘回归分析,r2为0.967,q_LOO2为0.927. 用训练集数据所建立的QSRR模型预测测试集中酚类化合物的色谱保留指数,结果表明,基于训练集所建立的QSRR模型具有很高的预测能力和稳健性,可以对测试集酚类化合物的气相色谱保留指数进行很好的预测. 此外,利用最佳全息定量结构保留关系(HQSRR)模型的色码图,探讨酚类化合物中的不同侧链基团对其色谱保留性质的影响,及其在固定相上的色谱保留机理.      

遏制两高一资项目河北省区域禁限批再次亮剑——访河北省环保厅新闻发言人杨智明副厅长

近年来,河北省在推进节能减排、加快产业结构调整、转变发展方式上取得了积极进展,但经济结构不合理、资源约束加剧等制约经济社会发展的深层次矛盾依然存在、高排放行业增长仍然过快,产业结构重型化的格局还没有根本改变.     

脉冲电晕反应器结构对乙硫醇消除效果的影响

研究了脉冲电晕等离子体反应器结构的变化对乙硫醇消除效果的影响规律。结果表明,在反应器内设置折流板,可以增加气流的湍动程度,有利于活性粒子与污染物的充分接触,从而提高消除率。高压电极间距对电晕区范围及消毒效果有较大影响,间距较小将导致各电极产生的电场相互干扰明显,消除率减小;而电极间距过大,虽然电极间电场分布相互干扰小,但是反应器内可排布的电极数减少,总电晕区减少,消除率也减小。根据实验结果,电极间距设置为50 mm比较合理。另外,在相同的电场强度和脉冲频率下,毛刺形高压电极比线电极结构能耗低,能量利用率高。     

伞罩型湿式脱硫除尘塔入口结构优化模拟

利用商用CFD软件Fluent,采用k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLE算法,对新型伞罩型湿式脱硫除尘塔内的三维两相流场进行数值模拟,发现了塔内烟气入口处流场所存在的不均匀性。为将其流场调节均匀从而提高脱硫除尘效率,在数值模拟的基础上提出在入口处加装直导流板、阶梯导流板和弯曲导流板,并分析塔内y=0截面速度的分布,以及z＝0.21 m截面上的颗粒浓度、速度和压力等参数的分布。结果表明：通过加装阶梯导流板和弯曲导流板均可以将流场调节均匀,达到较理想状态,从而实现高效净化气体的目的。模拟结果对设备的优化设计和实际运行有一定的指导作用。