初始释放瓦斯膨胀能与煤层瓦斯含量关系研究

基于初始释放瓦斯膨胀能理论,根据突出模拟实验中发生突出时初始释放瓦斯膨胀能的临界值以及初始释放瓦斯膨胀能与瓦斯压力的关系,结合朗格缪尔方程,得出初始释放瓦斯膨胀能与煤层瓦斯含量的关系.该方法只需通过少量实验,就可以快速、准确得出煤样的初始释放瓦斯膨胀能,解决了通过瓦斯压力实验得出煤样初始释放瓦斯膨胀能测压周期长,特别是在地质破碎,裂隙发育的矿区很难准确测出瓦斯压力的难题.这一研究成果对石门揭煤和煤巷掘进中的突出预测具有重大意义.     

从高能耗污染源到城市净化器的转变——记天津振兴水泥有限公司

天津振兴水泥有限公司是天津市512家重点用能单位之一。在贯彻落实“十二五”规划《纲要》推动重点用能单位加强节能工作．强化节能管理。提高能源利用效率要求下．将逐步开展GB／T23331能源管理体系建设工作。为此．记者走访了今日已成花园企业的振兴水泥有限公司。     

EPC合同能源管理（四）

（接上期）问：利用投资比例减小节能服务公司的投资风险？答：节能服务公司不一定对所有合同能源项目全部自行投资。在一些项目中,可以考虑与用能单位共同投资,项目风险由节能服务公司与用能单位共担,从而将项目风险适当分散。     

天津市公布最新512家重点用能单位名单

根据《中华人民共和国节约能源法》和《天津市节约能源条例》规定,年综合能源消费量在5000吨标准煤以上的单位为重点用能单位,并将其列为全国和本市重点节能监督管理单位。天津市统计局与市经信委公布全市年综合能源消耗量在5000吨标准煤及以上的重点用能单位共512家。附：天津市512户重点用能单位名单（分四期公布）     

天津市经信委召开能源管理体系建设座谈会

本刊讯：为贯彻国家发改委、认监委《关于加强万家企业能源管理体系建设工作的通知》,推进天津市重点用能单位“十二五”期间开展建立能源管理体系（GB/T23331等同于ISO50001）工作,3月11日,天津市经济和信息化委员会柱市经信委召开了能源管理体系认证机构代表座谈会。     

Nitrous oxide emissions from black soils with different pH

N₂O fluxes as a function of incubation time from soil with different available N contents and pH were determined. Cumulative carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions were measured to indicate soil respiration. A 144-hr incubation experiment was conducted in a slightly acidic agricultural soil (pH_H2O 5.33) after the pH was adjusted to four different values (3.65, 5.00, 6.90 and 8.55). The experiments consisted of a control without added N, and with NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N fertilization. The results showed that soil pH contributed significantly to N₂O flux from the soils. There were higher N₂O emissions in the period 0-12 hr in the four pH treatments, especially those enhanced with N-fertilization. The cumulative N₂O-N emission reached a maximum at pH 8.55 and was stimulated by NO₃^--N fertilization (70.4 μg/kg). The minimum emissions appeared at pH 3.65 and were not stimulated by NO₃^--N or NH₄⁺-N fertilization. Soil respiration increased significantly due to N-fertilization. Soil respiration increased positively with soil pH (R² = 0.98, P < 0.01). The lowest CO₂-C emission (30.2 mg/kg) was presented in pH 3.65 soils without N-fertilization. The highest CO₂-C emissions appeared in the pH 8.55 soils for NH₄⁺-N fertilization (199 mg/kg). These findings suggested that N₂O emissions and soil respiration were significantly influenced by low pH, which strongly inhibits soil microbial nitrification and denitrification activities. The content of NO₃^--N in soil significantly and positively affected the N₂O emissions through denitrification.     

Photochemical degradation of nonylphenol in aqueous solution：The impact of pH and hydroxyl radical promoters

The degradation of nonylphenol (NP) in aqueous solution with UV, H₂O₂/UV, and Fenton/photo-Fenton processes was studied. The efficacy of direct and hydrogen peroxide photolysis proved to be dependent on the pH value. The addition of H₂O₂ to UV treatment improved NP degradation. The application of UV photolysis and the H₂O₂/UV system at pH 7 resulted in low pseudo first-order rate constants at 10^-4 sec^-1. In the experiments at elevated pH values the pseudo-first order rate constants increased to 10^-3 sec^-1. The efficacy of the Fenton process was lower in comparison with UV and hydrogen peroxide photolysis. The addition of UV irradiation to the H₂O₂/Fe²⁺ system substantially improved NP degradation efficacy. In terms of performance, the photo-Fenton process was similar to the H₂O₂/UV process. The most favourable process for complete nonylphenol degradation considering both operational cost and treatment efficacy was H₂O₂/UV at pH 11 and 250 mol/L H₂O₂.     

基于能值理论对于不同种类产业集群的对比研究

能值理论与研究方法是当前生态经济学领域研究的热点理论和方法,由于其能值可以作为统一标尺衡量不同质别的能量被认为是连接生态学与经济学的桥梁。能值理论与方法经过了30余年的理论发展和实践应用,已经被广泛地应用到了复合和单一系统评价中,但用于对产业集群的功能对比研究还比较少。文章以沈阳市经济技术开发区的2个不同种类的产业集群为例,通过用能值分析方法对于其各项指标进行对比分析,阐述能值理论在产业集群系统效率评价中的应用方法,同时提出对于当地不同种类的产业集群发展,不仅只注重其经济效益同时也应该将资源节约利用和环境保护结合起来。     

环境空气中PM2.5与PM10质量浓度关系的研究

采集大连市4个大气自动监测点位30dPM2.5和PM10质量浓度小时值的监测数据,通过对每个点位720个有效数据对的统计分析,研究二者质量浓度的相关性及 PM2.5/PM10比值的分布情况,并研究了气象因素对PM2.5与PM10的影响。结果表明,雾使PM2.5PM10浓度都减小,但二者比值也随之降低;强风会使PM10浓度增大,但PM2.5浓度却减小。     

香溪河初冬降温过程中垂向混合结构特征分析

基于2018年11月29日~12月15日三峡水库支流香溪河峡口站点的水文气象等实测数据,讨论了香溪河初冬一次典型降温过程中水体的垂向混合结构动力过程,以及水-气界面的热通量和风应力在其中的贡献机制.结果表明,该时段香溪河表层约8m水深范围的垂向混合结构呈显著的日间弱分层,夜间强混合模式,且日间分层时段较短,仅发生在正午前后的约4h内（最大浮力频率约2×10^-4s^-1）.水-气界面的能量输入或耗散过程对水体分层混合过程的贡献显著大于风应力对水体的机械扰动作用.太阳短波辐射是表层水体日间吸热从而分层的主要驱动力,长波辐射在夜间放热过程中处于主导地位,潜热和感热过程在水体放热过程中作用相当.风应力以机械扰动的方式对水体混合模式的影响极小（湍能通量最大值2×10^-7m³/s³）,主要集中在表层水体约0.5m内,但其可通过影响潜热和感热的方式显著增强中层水体混合特征.由于研究时段香溪河水温较低,蒸发放热较小,而水-气温差相对较大,风应力通过感热驱动的湍能通量（8×10^-7m³/s³）略大于潜热（7×10^-7m³/s³）.