基于支持向量机的山东省水资源承载力评价

选取人均水资源可利用量、水资源利用率、耕地灌溉率、人口密度、生态环境用水率等15个指标构建水资源承载力评价指标体系,并以水资源承载能力指数为评价标准,使用支持向量机方法对2001-2018年山东省及2016年17地市水资源承载力状况进行系统评价.结果 表明:1)2001-2018年山东省水资源承载力指数在0.520～0.627范围内,除2017和2018年处于Ⅱ级外,其余年份均处于Ⅲ级,水资源承载能力较弱;2)工业产值占工农业产值的百分比、人均GDP、农民年均收入和万元工业增加值耗水量为影响山东省水资源承载力的有利因子,人均水资源量、水资源利用率、水功能区水质达标率、供水量模数、森林覆盖率和人口密度则为不利因子;3)2001-2018年山东省水资源承载力指数呈现上升态势,主要因为水功能区水质达标率、恩格尔系数、人均GDP、农民年均收入、万元工业增加值耗水量以及生态环境用水率的向好发展.总体上看,水资源短缺的形势依然不容乐观,今后应在非常规水源利用、水资源利用率提升、生态环境保护等方面采取更加有效的措施予以应对.     

简讯

01.生态环境部:2021年全国PM_2.5平均浓度每立方米要下降0.5微克,生态环境部近日表示,未来我国大气污染防治将重点聚焦PM_2.5和臭氧污染协同改善,2021年全国PM_2.5平均浓度每立方米要下降0.5微克。生态环境部数据显示,2020年,未达标地级及以上城市PM_2.5平均浓度比2015年下降28.8%,全国优良天数比率比2015年上升5.8个百分点,“十三五”约束性指标超额完成。未来环境质量改善目标仍将聚焦PM_2.5和优良天数两方面,重点减排的污染物将从原有的二氧化硫转向VOCs。     

我国耕地资源生态安全的时空差异分析

在分析耕地资源生态安全内涵、特征和影响因素的基础上,构建了耕地资源生态安全评价指标体系,通过对我国耕地资源生态安全的动态变化分析,发现改革开放以来耕地资源生态安全程度呈先增后减的变化趋势,安全综合值先从1981年的0.891 8上升到1990年的0.941 0,随后又下降到2004年的0639 0。从2004年各省份的安全程度来看,安全状况差异非常明显,且经济发达省份的安全水平通常低于经济相对落后省份;通过障碍因素分析发现,改革开放前期的障碍因素主要是农民人均纯收入、财政支农等社会经济因素,中后期则转变为农药施用量、氮肥所占的比重等直接和间接影响因素,在各省份障碍因素中,单位耕地面积农药施用量、氮肥所占的比重、农村人均纯收入、耕地资源生态安全保护意识是最主要因素,经济发达省份障碍因素主要集中在直接和间接影响因素中,而经济相对落后省份则集中在社会经济因素。出台耕地资源生态安全保护法规和分区保护政策有助于提高我国耕地资源生态安全状况。     

上海市环境污染事故风险受体脆弱性评价研究

从环境风险受体敏感性和适应力两方面构建了脆弱性概念模型,在此基础上,考虑社会经济脆弱性和生态系统脆弱性,选取14个指标构建了上海市环境污染事故风险受体综合脆弱性评价指标体系.研究结果表明：上海市中心城区社会脆弱性较高,而崇明岛、南汇、奉贤的社会经济脆弱性最低;黄浦江上游水源保护区、崇明岛东滩湿地生态系统脆弱性较高,浦东...     

Behavior toxicity to Caenorhabditis elegans transferred to the progeny after exposure to sulfamethoxazole at environmentally relevant concentrations

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is one of the most common detected antibiotics in the environment. In order to study whether SMX can a ect behavior and growth and whether these e ects could be transferred to the progeny, Caenorhabditis elegans was exposed at environmentally relevant concentrations for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr, respectively. After exposure, the exposed parent generation (P0) was measured for behavior and growth indicators, which were presented as percentage of controls (POC). Then their corresponding unexposed progeny (F1) was separated and measured for the same indicators. The lowest POC for P0 after 96 hr-exposure at 100 mg/L were 37.8%, 12.7%, 45.8% and 70.1% for body bending frequency (BBF), reversal movement (RM), Omega turns (OT) and body length (BL), respectively. And F1 su ered defects with the lowest POC as 55.8%, 24.1%, 48.5% and 60.7% for BBF, RM, OT and BL, respectively. Defects in both P0 and F1 showed a time- and concentration-dependent fashion and behavior indicators showed better sensitivity than growth indicator. The observed e ects on F1 demonstrated the transferable properties of SMX. Defects of SMX at environmental concentrations suggested that it is necessary to perform further systematical studies on its ecological risk in actual conditions.     

Applying model simulation and photochemical indicators to evaluate ozone sensitivity in southern Taiwan

Ozone sensitivity was investigated using CAMx simulations and photochemical indicator ratios at three sites (Pingtung City, Chao- Chou Town, and Kenting Town) in Pingtung County in southern Taiwan during 2003 and 2004. The CAMx simulations compared fairly well with the hourly concentrations of ozone. Simulation results also showed that Pingtung City was mainly a volatile organic compounds (VOC)-sensitive regime, while Chao-Chou Town was either a VOC-sensitive or a NOx-sensitive regime, depending on the seasons. Measurements of three photochemical indicators (H2O2, HNO3, and NOy) were conducted, and simulated three transition ranges of H2O2/HNO3 (0.5–0.8), O3/HNO3 (10.3–16.2) and O3/NOy (5.7–10.8) were adopted to assess the ozone sensitive regime at the three sites. The results indicated that the three transition ranges yield consistent results with CAMx simulations at most times at Pingtung City. However, both VOC-sensitive and NOx-sensitive regimes were important at the rural site Chao-Chou Town. Kenting Town, a touring site at the southern end of Taiwan, was predominated by a NOx-sensitive regime in four seasons.     

期待德班

“又到气候谈判时”.近年来,每个岁末时节,联合国都会在不同的国家召开联合国气候变化谈判大会暨《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔约方会议,如2008年波兹南气候大会( 第14次缔约方会议)、2009年根本哈根气候大会(第15次缔约方会议)、 2010年坎昆气候大会(第16次缔约方会议)以及即将于11月28日至12月9日在南非德班召开的气候大会(第17次缔约方会议).     

环境建设样板城内涵及评价指标体系研究

探讨了环境建设样板城提出的背景,提出环境建设样板城的基本概念及内涵,确定了环境建设样板城评价指标体系的制定原则,建立了由五大类九十项指标构成的环境建设样板城评价指标体系.     

草原生物多样性监测指标体系构建的探讨

草原生物多样性监测目前已成为草原生物多样性研究和保护的热点问题。草原生物多样性监测指标则是一些简化的生物或环境特征参数,说明草原生物多样性现状和变化趋势,以及人类活动压力对草原生物多样性的影响,以促进科学界、政府和公众间的沟通,提高草原生物多样性管理水平。本文综述了草原生物多样性监测指标筛选的一般标准和指标体系构建的主要理论,梳理目前已提出或应用的主要生物多样性监测指标,以期为我国构建国家或区域尺度生物多样性监测指标体系提供参考。