建筑自动喷水灭火系统水力计算过程分析

为使自动喷水灭火系统设计既安全可靠,又经济合理,本文按照<自动喷水灭火系统设计规范>(GB50084-2001 2005年版)要求,对自动喷水灭火系统设计中的系统设计流量计算、逐点法水力计算、水头损失计算、水泵扬程或系统入口的供水压力计算、减压与减压措施计算的主要过程进行综述.     

汲取教训 亡羊补牢

11月7日15时20分,智胜化工股份有限公司甲醇车间甲醇精馏工序中间槽在停产检修过程中发生爆燃事故,造成现场作业的3名机修工人大面积烧伤,其中2人经医院抢救无效死亡。为吸取教训,举一反三,防止同类事故再次发生,省安监局最近对本起事故进行了通报。     

女性对"4个轮子"的健康态度

一百年多来,火花点火一直是汽油机,CNG发动机的技术核心,它利用火花塞产生火花,点燃压缩后的可燃混合气燃烧。然而,在上述燃烧过程中有很多潜在能量未被利用。目前,广泛被使用的火花点火的汽车,燃料燃烧的热能大约只有35—40％用于实际行驶。混合气燃烧不充分又产生了大量的有害物质,加剧了环境污染。     

民航人因失误分类框架

人因失误分类是否系统、完整及对人误描述是否一致直接影响人误分析的结果。本文对民航中主要几种人误分析方法进行了详细评述,指出其在考虑人的认知过程和行为外在表现形式方面的不足。在对现有人误理论模型和人误分类方法详细分析的基础上,提出了民航人误分类框架。框架由人的行为过程的四个阶段“获取信息-分析处理信息-决策／计划-执行”和八类人误模式及相应的子模式构成。行为阶段与人误模式可针对具体活动进行组合,框架的使用具有灵活性。框架对保证民航中人误辨识结果的规范性和准确性具有重要意义。     

科尔沁沙地流动沙丘优势物种的点格局分析

植被恢复与重建在保护水土资源、防止生态退化和荒漠化扩大等方面发挥着重要作用,成为防治荒漠化的主要措施和方法。一定尺度内优势物种的格局反映了植被恢复的过程。通过在科尔沁沙地流动沙丘迎风坡底部建立了20 m×20 m样方,调查了流动沙丘3种优势物种的位置和高度信息,采用点格局分析的方法,对优势物种格局、过程与尺度的关系进行分析。经研究发现：沙蓬在该样方内,r<5 cm尺度上均匀分布,5 cm相似文献   

庆祝消费

本文描述了作者亲眼目睹的消费,介绍了一些背景,并提出了今后可能发生的情况。基本假设是,通过以一些从营销和生产分析来看可能不明鲜的方式来改变消费过程,我们可以显著改善福利和减少环境损害,实现这些效益需要了解消费效率（以“消费性”形式量度）的重要性和拨出专用资源来提高该效率。     

生态城市的基本理念与规划原理和方法

生态城市是当今国内外众多城市发展的新追求,而以何理念和规划方式促进其健康发展是亟待研究和解决的重要问题。本文从系统学角度探讨了生态城市的基本理念与目标要求,提出了生态城市建设规划所须遵循的基本原理;利用系统生态学方法论,构建了生态城市建设规划模拟模型;进而,形成了生态城市建设规划的内容、过程和方法综合集成体系,较好地解决了生态城市或区域综合协同发展的科学规划问题。     

城市土地生态适宜性分区划分研究

在新型城镇化与生态文明建设背景下,城市发展迫切需要合理布局以实现城市土地的节约集约利用,降低城市化过程中因建设用地肆意蔓延所导致的土地资源浪费与生态环境破坏影响。以常州市武进区为例,采用地形地貌、生态环境、交通设施、建设密度4类因子建立景观过程阻力赋值体系,结合GIS空间分析技术,以垂直生态过程的多因素多因子综合判别得到的生态保护用地扩张和城镇用地扩张阻力基面为基础,再以描述水平生态过程的最小累积阻力模型计算两种扩张过程的最小累积阻力值,并依据二者的最小累积阻力差值表面,从空间上将武进区划分为4个等级的城市土地生态适宜性分区,分别为优先建设区118.39 km²、适宜建设区233.60 km²、生态缓冲区777.91 km²、生态控制区115.90 km²,明确指出了各分区的空间布局,提出了相应的发展建议,以期为武进区未来城市发展提供科学合理的空间布局参考。同时考虑了垂直生态过程和水平生态过程,一定程度上弥补了传统方法只从景观单元垂直过程研究的不足之处,为生态适宜性分区划分的方法研究提供了有益的尝试和补充。     

Sludge reduction with Tubificidae and the impact on the performance of the wastewater treatment process

To reduce excess sludge, a Tubificidae reactor was combined with an integrated oxidation ditch with vertical circle (IODVC), and a new integrated system was developed for wastewater treatment. A pilot-scale of this integrated system was tested to investigate the sludge reduction with Tubificidae and the impact on effluent quality and sludge production. The dominant worm was Branchnria Sowerbyi in the Tubificidae reactor after inoculation of Branchnria Sowerbyi and Limnodrilns sp., and the maximal volume density of wet Tubificidae in vessels of the Tubificidae reactor was 17600 g/m3. Two operational modes, treating the excess sludge (first mode) and the returned sludge (second mode) of IODVC by the Tubificidae reactor, were used in this experiment. The results showed that the excess sludge reduction rate was 46.4% in the first mode, and the average sludge yield of the integrated system was 6.19×10-5 kg SS/kg COD in the second mode. Though the sludge returned to IODVC via the Tubificidae reactor, it had little impact on the effluent quality and the sludge characteristics of the IODVC. No new type of recalcitrant substance in the supernatant was discharged into the environment when the sludge was treated by Tubificidae. The experimental results also indicated that no significant changes occurred on the viscosity, specific resistance, and the floc size distribution of the sludge.     

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol with a novel TiO2/Ti-Fe-graphite felt photoelectrocatalytic oxidation process

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP)was studied in a novel three-electrode photoelectrocatalytic(PEC)integrative oxidation process,and the factors influencing the degradation rate,such as applied current,flow speed of O_2,pH,adscititious voltage and initial 2,4-DCP concentration were investigated and optimized.H_2O_2 was produced nearby cathode and Fe~(2 )continuously generated from Fe anode in solution when current and O_2 were applied,so,main reactions,H_2O_2-assisted TiO_2 PEC oxidation and E-Fenton reaction,occurred during degradation of 2,4-DCP in this integrative system.The degradation ratio of 2,4-DCP was 93% in this integrative oxidation process,while it was only 31% in E-Fenton process and 46% in H_2O_2-assisted TiO_2 PEC process.So,it revealed that the degradation of 2,4-DCP was improved greatly by photoelectrical cooperation effect.By the investigation of pH,it showed that this integrative process could work well in a wide pH range from pH 3 to pH 9.