钻井固化废弃物表面涂覆工艺的正交实验优化及效果评价

针对钻井废弃物固化处理之后存在的二次浸出污染问题,通过正交实验优化,得到一种钻井废弃物表面涂覆技术,采用吸水率测试仪、接触角测量仪、扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪等仪器对涂覆固化物的防水性能、环保性能和耐久性能进行测试,并对涂覆层微观结构进行分析,进一步探究其作用机理.结果表明:钻井废弃物经涂覆后,吸水率为3.04％,表面...     

Experimental studies on ozonation of ethylenethiourea

The experimental study on ozonation of ethylenethiourea(ETU) is conducted.The reaction of gas-phase ETU with 0.63 × 10-6 mol/L ozone is carried out in a 200-L reaction chamber.The secondary organic aerosol(SOA) resulted from the ozonation of gas-phase ETU is observed with a scanning mobility particle size(SMPS).The rapid exponential growth of SOA reveals that the atmospheric lifetime of ETU vapor towards ozone reaction is less than four days.The ozonation of dry ETU particles,ETU-contained water droplets an...     

冬、春季青岛大气气溶胶中乙二酸的分布特征及影响因素

于2012-12~2013-04在青岛采集119个气溶胶样品,分析了冬、春季节气溶胶中乙二酸的浓度分布特征及影响因素.青岛大气气溶胶中乙二酸的浓度冬季为31~370 ng·m^-3,平均为104 ng·m^-3;春季为11~1926 ng·m^-3,平均为400 ng·m^-3,二者存在显著的季节差异.不同天气状况影响气溶胶中乙二酸的分布,霾天时乙二酸浓度最高,其次是沙尘天,雾天与晴天时的基本相当,雨天时的浓度最低.青岛大气气溶胶中乙二酸与温度和太阳辐射之间存在显著正相关关系,表明光化学氧化的二次生成过程对气溶胶中的乙二酸有一定影响.冬、春季气溶胶中乙二酸二次生成的机理可能不同,冬季主要为水相氧化过程、春季为气相氧化过程.PMF源解析结果也显示,二次源是青岛大气气溶胶中乙二酸的主要来源,其贡献冬季约为45%、春季约为70%.春季青岛气溶胶中乙二酸浓度显著高于冬季,其主要原因可能是春季温度和太阳辐射显著高于冬季,增强了颗粒态乙二酸的二次生成过程.     

Evaluation of Bacillus sp. MZS10 for decolorizing Azure B dye and its decolorization mechanism

To evaluate decolorization and detoxification of Azure B dye by a newly isolated Bacillus sp. MZS10 strain, the cultivation medium and decolorization mechanism of the isolate were investigated. The decolorization was discovered to be dependent on cell density of the isolate and reached 93.55%(0.04 g/L) after 14 hr of cultivation in a 5 L stirred-tank fermenter at 2.0 g/L yeast extract and 6.0 g/L soluble starch and a small amount of mineral salts. The decolorization metabolites were identified with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy(UPLC-MS). A mechanism for decolorization of Azure B was proposed as follows: the C=N in Azure B was initially reduced to –NH by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)-dependent quinone dehydrogenase, and then the –NH further combined with –OH derived from glucose to form a stable and colorless compound through a dehydration reaction. The phytotoxicity was evaluated for both Azure B and its related derivatives produced by Bacillus sp. MZS10 decolorization, indicating that the decolorization metabolites were less toxic than original dye. The decolorization efficiency and mechanism shown by Bacillus sp. MZS10 provided insight on its potential application for the bioremediation of the dye Azure B.     

氯消毒和紫外消毒对城市污水处理厂二沉池出水中粪大肠菌群耐药性的影响

为考察城市污水处理厂消毒方式对出水中细菌耐药性的影响,使用二沉池出水进行氯消毒和紫外消毒试验. 选择AMP(氨苄西林)、TET(盐酸四环素)、CIP(环丙沙星)和CHL(氯霉素)作为典型的抗生素,研究消毒前后粪大肠菌群耐药率的变化. 结果表明:当水中ρ(有效氯)在0~1.0mg/L范围内增加时,粪大肠菌群对AMP和CIP的耐药率都有所升高,而对TET的耐药率却呈下降趋势. 当使用1.0mg/L氯消毒之后,粪大肠菌群对AMP、TET、CIP、CHL的耐药率分别为35.1%、5.6%、62.3%、0. 粪大肠菌群对AMP、TET和CIP的耐药性在氯消毒后会逐渐恢复. 氯消毒后48h,粪大肠菌群对AMP、TET和CIP的耐药率均高于消毒前. 在较低的紫外辐照剂量 (约16mJ/cm2以下)范围内,随着紫外辐照剂量的升高,粪大肠菌群对多种抗生素的耐药率均有降低,而较高的紫外辐照剂量则可能导致粪大肠菌群耐药率升高.      

二次有机气溶胶估算方法研究进展

我国区域复合污染日趋严重,二次有机气溶胶(SOA)是细颗粒物PM2.5的重要组成之一.本研究总结了当前国内外定量估算SOA的主要方法,包括EC示踪法、WSOC法、受体模型法、示踪物产率法、数值模拟法等.通过对各种方法的原理介绍与比较,指出1)EC示踪法、WSOC法、受体模型法简单易行,与在线连续观测数据结合可估算高时间分辨率的SOA浓度,但受限于对当地源谱和特定物种的了解;2)示踪物产率法虽分析技术难度高,但可针对不同来源的SOA估算;3)数值模拟可获得大尺度SOA的空间分布.针对国内外的最新研究成果进行简单概述,不同方法的研究表明中国二次有机气溶胶是总有机气溶胶的重要部分,人为源VOCs对二次有机气溶胶发挥着重要贡献.本文旨在为未来我国二次有机气溶胶的研究提供基础信息和研究思路.     

酚二磺酸制备条件及校准曲线制备对硝酸盐氮测定的影响

通过试验,探讨了采用未严重变质的苯酚不经纯化直接制备酚二磺酸,在无发烟硫酸而用浓硫酸代替时,及两种不同校准曲线制备方法对测定结果的影响。     

Fluxes of CH4 and N2O from soil under a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China

CH4 and N2O fluxes from soil under a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China were measured for one year using closed static chamber technique and gas chromatography method. Three treatments were set in the studied field: (A) litter-free,(B) with litter, and (C) with litter and seedling. The results showed that the soil in our study was a sink of atmospheric CH4 and source of atmospheric N2O. The observed mean CH4 fluxes from treatments A, B, and C were -50.0±4.0, -35.9±2.8,-31.6±2.8 μgC/(m2·h),respectively,and calculated annual fluxes in2003 were -4.1,-3.1,and -2.9kgC/hm2,respectively.The observed mean N2O fluxes from treatments A,B,and C were 30.9±3.1,28.2±3.5,50.2±3.7μgN/(m2·h),respectively,and calculated annual fluxes in 2003 were 2.8, 2.6, and 3.7 kgN/hm2, respectively. Seasonal variations in CH4 and N2O fluxes were significant among all the three treatments. The presence of litter decreased CH4 uptake during wet season (P ＜ 0.05), but not during dry season. There was a similar increase in seedlings-mediated N2O emissions during wet and dry seasons, indicating that seedlings increased N2O emission in both seasons. A strong positive relationship existed between CH4 fluxes and soil moisture for all the three treatments, and weak relationship between CH4 fluxes and soil temperature for treatment B and treatment C. The N2O fluxes correlated with soil temperature for all the three treatments.     

果汁生产废水处理工程实践

根据果汁生产废水的特点,采用混凝沉淀＋厌氧＋二级好氧处理的工艺,该工艺运行一段时间,处理效果稳定,BOD5的去除率大于95％,COD的去除率大于95％,出水水质达到污水综合排放一级标准。     

苯并噻吩与二苯并噻吩脱硫酶功能相关性研究

苯并噻吩（BT）专一性降解菌株Gordonia sp. C-6的脱硫途径类似于二苯并噻吩（DBT）的“4S”脱硫途径,能以BT为唯一硫源生长,但不能以DBT为唯一硫源生长.目前,还没有BT专一性脱硫基因的相关报道.本研究将Rhodocossus erythropolis DS-3中DBT脱硫途径的相关基因dszA、dszB、dszC和dszABC分别转入Gordonia sp. C-6中构建工程菌株Gordonia sp. CRA、Gordonia sp. CRB、Gordonia sp. CRC和Gordonia sp. CRABC;其DBT相关脱硫酶活性(以DCW计)分别为76.8 μmol·(g·h)^-1、 51.6 μmol·(g·h)^-1和62.4 μmol·(g·h)^-1,比原始菌株Rhodocossus erythropolis DS-3的35.2 μmol·(g·h)^-1、 21.3 μmol·(g·h)^-1和25.5 μmol·(g·h)^-1提高了1.5倍左右.其中Gordonia sp. CRA和Gordonia sp. CRB在以DBT为唯一硫源的培养基中几乎不生长,无法降解DBT;而Gordonia sp. CRC同表达完整DBT脱硫酶的Gordonia sp. CRABC一样,在以DBT为唯一硫源的培养基中生长良好,亦能降解大部分DBT（84％）.这表明催化BT和DBT前两步脱硫反应的BT单加氧酶和DBT单加氧酶是负责底物识别的关键酶,催化BT和DBT后两步脱硫反应的酶功能相似,通过比较这2种单加氧酶的氨基酸序列差异,即可预测其作用的活性位点.