中国参与2030年可持续发展议程的战略思考

2015年联合国发展峰会通过了“2030年可持续发展议程”,这是一幅由全世界所有国家共同描绘的未来发展蓝图.联合国制定该议程的内在原因有两个,一是为了完成千年发展目标的未竟事业,二是为了汇聚国际社会力量共同应对新的全球性挑战.“2030年可持续发展议程”将重塑当今的全球可持续发展治理体系,为发展中国家深入参与全球可持续发展治理提供了机遇,也有利于全球可持续发展走出“气候变化泥潭”.但是,该议程也存在不足,主要体现在一些可持续发展目标相互重复和难以量化、没有对不同类型国家给出建议、以及里约原则被弱化等.“2030年可持续发展议程”对中国未来发展既是机遇也是挑战.机遇主要体现在有利于中国在可持续发展领域开展对外合作和“一带一路”战略的实施,挑战主要体现在中国将面临来自国际社会的“三重压力”.面向未来,中国应在坚持发展中国家的基本定位下,积极、主动参与相关进程.从对内看,应在该议程框架下根据中国的国情制定“2030年中国可持续发展议程”,并建立有利于产业界、地方政府、民间团体等参与的机制,在实现议程中创造新的经济增长点和就业机会;从对外看,应在坚持“力所能及、互惠互利”原则下,积极开展国际发展合作和发展援助,为其他发展中国家实现该议程做出中国贡献.     

Sand-dust Storm, Population and Environment in Northwest China

Sand-dust storms are the result of the integrated influences of climate, geography, society and human factors. A theoretical framework is built to explain the coherence of population growth, agriculture change and environmental degradation. On the basis of the analysis of the causes of the sand-dust storm in terms of human factors, a discussion will be given to show that these factors are internally consistent with the theoretical framework. After that, it will look at China's Agenda 21 and try to find relevant measures to reduce such large sand-dust storms happening in Northwest China and eventually make this area develop sustainably.     

Human impacts on the terrestrial ecosystem of Fildes Peninsula of King George Island, Antarctica

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面向21世纪的内蒙古地区水资源开发利用

本文着重论述内蒙古自治区２１世纪水资源可持续利用，水在人口增长和经济发展，农业用水量增加趋势，特别随着西部大开发，现有淡水资源有限，水资源利用将变的越来越复杂和昂贵，水资源的开发和管理，必须考虑节水和改善环境以实现经济可持续发展。     

Prenatal diagnosis in a female carrying a deletion close to the duchenne locus

Family studies including the proband are usually needed before a prenatal diagnosis may be performed for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We report here on prenatal diagnosis in a family where the solitary index case was dead, and where the consultand and her mother were assumed to be carriers by independent evidence. DNA anaylsis revealed that both the consultand and her mother had an X chromosome deleted for DNA material in the Xp21 region. The female fetus also carried the deleted X chromosome.     

The dilemma of chromosomal mosaicism in chorionic villus sampling—‘direct’ versus long-term cultures

Chromosomal mosaicism is one of several unanswered dilemmas in first-trimester prenatal diagnosis. We report the course of a pregnancy in which a normal karyotype was detected on direct CVS preparation and fetal blood, 100 per cent trisomy 21 in one long-term CVS culture, and low-rate trisomy 21 mosaicism in a second long-term CVS culture and amniocentesis. The phenotypically normal infant had a 6 per cent mosaicism of trisomy 21. It appears that a persistent low-rate mosaicism in different tissues may be indicative of the true status of the fetus.     

Translocation trisomy 21 in CVS not found in embryoblast: Three different cell lines in CVS,amnion- and placental culture

Chorionic villus samples from a healthy pregnant female were obtained for first-trimester prenatal diagnosis. A translocation trisomy 21 was diagnosed. A consecutive amniocentesis revealed a normal male karyotype. At term a healthy boy was born. Cytogenetic analysis from cord blood showed a regular karyotype of 46,XY, whereas in term placenta a pathological karyotype of 47,XY,+mar was found.     

Out-of-control Olympics: why the IOC is unable to ensure an environmentally sustainable Olympic Games

Although the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the body responsible for overseeing the organisation of the Olympic Games, has placed a high premium on environmental sustainability for more than two decades, recent editions of the Olympic Games have fallen short of their sustainability goals, or have caused outright environmental harm. By applying a new (principal-agent) perspective and conceptualising the environmental harm caused by the Olympic Games as an agency cost, this article demonstrates that the mechanisms the IOC deploys to control Games organisers are ineffective because they fail to alter the incentives of Games organisers towards compliance with environmental sustainability objectives and that recently proposed changes through the IOC’s Agenda 2020 reforms fail to address this issue. In order to lower agency costs, the IOC must increase its control by involving qualified and independent third parties in its host selection process, provide for a clear mandate in the Host City Contract, and introduce credible sanctions that impose a significant cost on hosts for failing to adhere to environmental objectives.