基于WebGIS的四川省自然资源信息系统构建研究

为实现自然资源信息共享,提出了基于ArcGIS Server和.NET平台的四川自然资源信息系统构建的方案,详细阐述了共享平台的整体框架,分析了系统的结构、功能和数据库设计,以及系统实现过程中用到的关键技术及其实现.     

Mesoscale survey of western and northwestern Irish lakes – Spatial and aestival patterns in trophic status and phytoplankton community structure

Inland water bodies are considered as integrated parts of the landscape and the monitoring of water quality and aquatic resources need to be addressed on a regional basis for optimal assessment and management. In this study, a simple stratified sampling scheme was applied to a mesoscale survey of western and northwestern Irish lakes, which was carried out to identify, based on the distribution patterns of phytoplankton biomass, potential associations between lake trophic state and land cover attributes. Phytoplankton community analysis was also performed to determine whether taxa associations reflected meteorology-linked aestival succession or specific spatial distributions. The assessment was based on the typology of hydrogeomorphological and land cover attributes of river catchments through ArcGIS analysis. Sampling was carried out in 50 lakes and during a 15-week period in summer 2009. Results showed a general longitudinal gradient in the trophic status of the lakes sampled, with a greater frequency of mesotrophic lakes in the eastern part of the study area where land cover is dominated by agricultural surfaces. Significant relationships (p < 0.010) were found between chlorophyll-a concentration and the proportion of river catchment surface covered by agriculture land and wetlands, findings which might be considered further as proxies for developing an eutrophication risk index. Multivariate analysis of phytoplankton community data clustered the sampled lakes into three assemblages, with ordination along axis 1 being significantly correlated to time and temperature (p < 0.006). There was greater frequency of occurrence of diatoms in lakes from cluster III (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.05, H = 6.34, df = 2, n = 49), concomitant to lower chlorophyll-a concentrations, lake surface temperatures and Secchi depths, reflecting meteorological conditions dominated by precipitations. Those results support the potential of mesoscale surveys to assess water quality variables and detect environmental patterns at regional scales.     

基于PPD的辽宁省暴雨灾害风险分析

根据辽宁省1976-2006年逐日降水和暴雨灾害损失数据,基于自然灾害风险理论,利用PPD(可能性-概率分布),分析不同等级暴雨发生的可能性;通过建立灾损指标体系获得暴雨灾损指数,结合Arc GIS技术,进行了辽宁省暴雨灾害风险评价与区划。结果表明:1辽宁省暴雨发生的可能性,随暴雨等级的增加而降低,主要发生一到四级暴雨,五级暴雨很少见,而发生2~5级暴雨概率基本由东南向西北递减(一级由西北向东南递减);2全省而言,暴雨灾害损失及风险与暴雨发生可能性区域分布特征总体吻合,即呈现南高北低、东高西低、由东南向西北递减的趋势;3PPD适用于风险分析中计算致灾因子发生的可能性,因为以该模型为基础的研究结果与近年来辽宁省暴雨发生风险事实一致。     

Factorial analysis of diesel engine performance using different types of biofuels

In this study, several bio-source-fuels like fresh and waste vegetable oil and waste animal fat were tested at different injector pressures (120, 140, 190, 210 bar) in a direct-injection, naturally aspirated, single-cylinder diesel engine with a design injection pressure of 190 bar. Using 2k factorial analysis, the effect of injection pressure (Pi) and fuel type on three engine parameters, namely, combustion efficiency (etac), mass fuel consumption (mf), and engine speed (N) was examined. It was found that Pi and fuel type significantly affected both etac and mf while they had a slight effect on engine speed. Moreover, with diesel and biodiesels, the etac increased to a maximum at 190 bar but declined at the higher Pi value. In contrast, higher Pi had a favorable effect on etac over the whole Pi range with all the other more viscous fuels tested. In addition, the mass fuel consumption consistently decreased with an increase in Pi for all the fuels including the baseline diesel fuel, with which the engine consistently attained higher etac and higher rpm compared to all the other fuels tested.     

ArcGIS Engine支持下的排污口管理与水质预测信息系统的实现

从区域水环境管理的要求出发，对利用ArcGIS Engine开发的排污口管理与水质预测信息系统的开发过程进行介绍。简要介绍了该系统的目标、组成和主要功能，并从数据库建立、数据管理子系统、排污口管理子系统、水质预测子系统功能实现等方面对系统实现做了较为详细的阐述。     

基于WEBGIS的地震灾情快速评估系统研究

快速进行地震灾情评估对地震应急响应与救援工作具有重要意义。鉴于当前GIS在地震灾情快速评估中数据利用程度低、难于管理与共享、可互操作性差的不足,利用WEBGIS的基本框架及主要技术优势,构建了基于WEBGIS的地震灾情快速评估系统,提出了系统的设计思想、体系结构和功能结构。采用ArcGISServer作为系统的框架平台,结合ASP.NET技术,实现了信息查询、地震影响场、损失评估和应急准备的相应功能模块,极大提高了地震应急的信息化水平。     

492Q发动机分层进气燃烧净化节油系统研究

492Q发动机分层进气燃烧净化节油系统的研究,是为了使国产492Q发动机的油耗水平下降,同时也降低其排放对大气的污染。为此,采用稀薄燃烧原理,使发动机在空燃比(AF)为18左右也可正常燃烧,达到降低油耗,同时也减少了CH、CO、NO_x的排放。      

三峡库区水量水质综合数据库系统开发与应用

三峡库区空间跨度大、数据海量且格式类型多样,亟需建立三峡库区水量水质综合数据库系统,为库区综合管理与研究提供有效数据支持。该研究通过集成最新的ArcGIS Server、Microsoft Silverlight、Microsoft SQL Server和Microsoft NET等技术,开发了基于Web-GIS的三峡库区水量水质综合数据库系统,实现水量水质数据综合管理、可视化展示和数据共享。该系统友好易用,不仅可以为三峡库区水量水质综合研究提供数据支撑和结果可视化,也可用于三峡库区水资源综合管理,提高工作效率,为科学决策提供可靠的信息支持。     

基于GIS的唐山地区大气污染物时空分布研究

应用数据统计和ArcGIS对北方重工业城市唐山地区2014年14个县(区)18个空气自动监测站的数据进行时空分布特征分析,监测的污染物为PM_(10)、SO_2、NO_2、PM_(2.5)、O_3、CO共6项。利用ArcGIS对各个自动监测站污染物数据建立网格模型,采用反距离权重法分别对年均、采暖期、非采暖期的环境空气质量综合指数和6项污染因子浓度的空间分布进行估算,直观比较了污染物在不同时期内的空间分布状况。结果表明,空气质量时间分布较为明显,非采暖期明显好于采暖期。同时,计算出每个网格单元污染指数的标准偏差,结合气象气候、地形地势、工业发展等情况,分析得出北部山区、市中心区附近区域空气质量波动较大。为区域大气污染有针对性的综合防治、联防联控及污染物区域削减计划打下数据基础。     

基于MCLP-BACOP模型的城市消防站选址研究

为提高消防站规划选址的科学性,合理调度有限的消防应急资源,提升消防应急响应效率,以湖北省某城市中心城区为研究对象,在火灾风险评估基础上,对消防站选址模型进行优化研究,构建了MCLP-BACOP结合覆盖模型并借助ArcGIS软件对模型进行优化求解。研究结果表明：通过MCLP-BACOP结合覆盖模型计算得到的中心城区消防站选址方案在对覆盖率影响较小的情况下,可以减少消防站数量并降低成本,同时能保证高风险区重复覆盖。该模型对于火灾风险较大的城区适用性强,在考虑经济因素及现实条件下,可有效提升城区消防响应效率。