Contamination by persistent toxic substances in surface sediment of urban rivers in Chaohu City, China

The concentration and spatial distribution of persistent toxic substances (PTS) in the river sediment in Chaohu City, China were investigated. A total of nine surface sediments were collected and the selected PTS pollutants including six heavy metals and nineteen polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed. The mean heavy metal concentrations (in mg/kg, dry weight) ranged within 0.18-1.53 (Hg), 50.08-200.18 (Cu), 118.70-313.65 (Zn), 50.77-310.85 (Cr), 37.12-92.72 (Pb) and 13.29-197.24 (As), and Cu, Zn and As have been regarded as the main metal pollutants. The levels of PBDEs (1.2-12.1 ng/g) and BDE-209 (2.4-30.5 ng/g) were at the middle level of the global range. BDE-209 was the predominant congener (67.0%-85.7%), which agrees with the fact that technical deca-BDE mixtures are the dominant PBDE formulation in China. The relative high level of PTS pollutants in the western part of the city is probably owing to the intensive agricultural activities and lack of sewerage system there. The ecological risk assessment with the sediment quality guidelines (SOGs) indicates that the urban river sediments in the city have been heavily contaminated by heavy metals with probable ecotoxicological impacts on freshwater organisms and the main toxic pollutants are Hg and As. The results of current study imply that the city, and perhaps many other small cities in China as well, requires immediate pollution control measures with emphasis on not only conventional organic pollutants but also on PTS such as heavy metals and PBDEs.     

泸州市城区2004-2009年空气质量时空变化

为了掌握泸州市城区近年空气质量时空变化,对泸州市城区2004-2009年空气质量监测数据进行系统分析。结果表明,近年来泸州市城区空气质量总体良好,平均空气污染指数为80,空气质量优良率在72.33%以上。空气质量有逐步好转的趋势,SO2和PM10年平均浓度明显下降,NO2略有上升。污染物浓度时空分布不均匀,SO2与PM10夏季浓度较低,冬季较高,NO2浓度季节性变化不明显;兰田宪桥、小市上码头污染物浓度总体上高于忠山环监站。     

基于熵权法的生态脆弱性评价——以济南市为例

以济南市为例,运用熵权法分析方法,建立生态脆弱性评价模型,并对济南市不同地区进行生态脆弱性评价与对比分析。从整体上来看,济南市生态脆弱性表现为从东南到西北,由高到低的形式,主要呈现出南部-中部-北部三个等级。从小尺度上来说,造成济南市生态脆弱性问题的原因又各不相同。大致分为四个类型区:高水平生态脆弱区,有章丘区;较高水平生态脆弱区,包括历城区、长清区和平阴县;中等水平生态脆弱区,包括市中区、历下区、槐荫区和天桥区;较低水平生态脆弱区,包括商河县、济阳区。     

喀什市2022年环境空气质量特征分析

为摸清喀什市环境空气质量变化特征,为管理部门进行污染精准管控提供科学参考,基于喀什市2022年环境空气自动监测数据开展分析研究。结果表明:2022年喀什市二氧化硫、二氧化氮、臭氧、一氧化碳年均质量浓度均优于国家二级标准。超标污染物主要为可吸入颗粒物和细颗粒物。喀什市细颗粒物、可吸入颗粒物浓度呈春、秋、冬季高,夏季低的季节特征。     

Urban earthquake hazard: perceived seismic risk and preparedness in Dhaka City,Bangladesh

Bangladesh is vulnerable to seismic events. Experts suspect that if an earthquake with a 7.0 magnitude occurred in large cities of Bangladesh, there would be a major human tragedy due to the structural failure of many buildings. The primary objectives of this paper are to examine seismic risk perception among residents of Dhaka City and investigate their levels of earthquake preparedness. A questionnaire survey conducted among 444 residents of the city provided the major source of data for the paper. The survey results suggest that an overwhelming majority of the respondents were not prepared for a major earthquake, which is anticipated to occur in Dhaka. Multivariate analysis of survey data reveals that value of residential unit and respondent educational levels appear as the most significant determinants of preparedness status of the respondents. This study recommends increasing earthquake awareness and preparedness among residents of Dhaka City.     

土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响--以武汉市为例

分析了1996～2001年武汉市快速城市化区域土地利用/土地覆盖变化,并计算由此导致的生态系统服务价值变化。应用Costanza生态系统服务价值计算公式,采用谢高地等人的中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值表进行计算,结果发现：①在研究期内,研究区耕地、草地、水域和未利用地在减少,其中耕地减少最多,达12.32×103 hm2,林地、湿地和建设用地在增加,建设用地增加最多,为11.70×103 hm2;②ESV由1996年的457.74×107元减少到2001年的456.14×107元,5年减少1.61×107元;③生态系统单项服务功能价值中的气体调节、气候调节、原材料和娱乐文化在增加,气候调节增幅最大,达8.51%,水源涵养、土壤形成和保护、废物处理、生物多样性保护和食物生产在减少,食物生产减幅最大,达7.42%;④敏感性分析表明,ESV对生态价值系数(Value Coefficient, VC)缺乏弹性,研究结果可信。     

智能型城市防洪除涝决策支持系统总体设计研究

智能型城市防洪除涝决策支持系统是城市防洪除涝减灾的一种综合性非工程 措施。本文根据作者的经验总结和研究工作,着重阐述了其总体设计的思路、原 则、特点、及结构设计,并对专家系统、GIS技术、遥感遥测技术等高新科技在 城市防洪除涝减灾辅助决策中的作用,作了专门论述。     

Potential health hazard of drinking water in restaurants and tea stalls

Potable and equitable drinking water (DW) is a fundamental human right and essential for human health. This study is conducted to assess the groundwater and jar water quality of the roadside restaurants and tea stalls used for drinking by the local people around the Gazipur City area in Bangladesh. Water samples from 173 restaurants and tea stalls are collected. The physico-chemical and biological parameters are analyzed according to the guidelines and standards. The results illustrate that the color, EC, and Mn of 41%, 80%, and 62% of the samples, respectively, exceed the WHO and Environmental Conservation Rules (ECR) standards. In addition, E. coli and total coliform exceeding the threshold standards are found in 47% and 64% of the water samples, respectively. The contamination of DW by fecal coliforms is confirmed and supported by prior studies, which indicates that the DW supplied in restaurants and tea stalls are unsafe because of the possible presence of pathogens. These may cause potential health hazards to consumers from various water-borne diseases. Poor sanitation, unhygienic practices, and improper disposal of wastewater are responsible for the microbial contamination of DW. So, the authorities in charge of these places should take the right regulatory steps, such as regular sanitation inspections, DW quality monitoring, hand-washing practices, and better sanitation in these places.     

长春市城区重金属大气干湿沉降特征

为弄清长春市城区重金属大气干湿沉降特征,于2006年5月26日—2007年6月12日采用被动采样技术分采暖期和非采暖期共收集大气干湿沉降样品24件,采用全谱直读电感藕合等离子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)和原子荧光光度法(AFS),分析了其w(As),w(Hg),w(Cd),w(Cu),w(Pb),w(Zn)和w(Cr). 结果表明:长春市大气干湿沉降样品中w(As),w(Cd),w(Cr),w(Cu),w(Hg),w(Pb)和w(Zn)分别为38.9,2.24,92.3,76.2,0.27,115.2和462 mg/kg,均明显高于表层土壤,且w(Cu),w(Hg),w(Pb)和w(Zn)在采暖期均显著低于非采暖期;经估算,As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Pb和Zn大气年干湿沉降量的平均值分别为4.79,0.25,10.67,8.22,0.030,12.31和48.15 mg/(m2·a),明显高于北美和欧洲,且As,Cd和Cr在采暖期的日均干湿沉降量高于非采暖期;根据目前的重金属大气干湿沉降速率估算,重金属大气干湿沉降有可能造成长春市表层土壤中重金属不同程度的累积,其中Zn的累积最为明显.      

天水小陇山红豆杉(Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehd)林土壤真菌多样性及其与生态因子的相关性

采用GPS系统采集了天水小陇山红豆杉林9块样地的土样,用稀释平板法对该区域真菌进行分离计数,进一步鉴定到属,并分析了真菌数量和类群与土壤养分、水分和pH等生态因子的相关性.结果表明,该区域土壤真菌数量和类群组成存在较大的空间变异,土壤真菌优势菌群的构成有相似性,青霉属、毛霉属为所有样地的优势菌群.真菌多样性分析表明,小陇山红豆杉物种多样性较丰富,不同样地多样性指数差异明显.土壤真菌总数、类群和多样性与土壤生态因子间的相关性分析表明,真菌总数与土壤pH呈显著负相关(R-0.796),与水分和有机质呈显著正相关;Shannon-Wiener指数与土壤有机质呈显著正相关;各属与土壤生态因子呈现不同的相关性.