神东矿区矿井水悬浮物处理技术

煤矿矿井水伴随煤炭开采过程产生,不同程度受煤粉、岩粉等悬浮物污染,有效降低悬浮物浓度是矿井水处理技术核心之一,本文以神东矿区含悬浮物矿井水为例对悬浮物处理技术进行说明,并进一步探讨工程应用中存在的常见问题。     

电吸附技术在济宁三号煤矿矿井涌水深度处理中的应用

济三煤矿矿井涌水的净化出水进行深度处理采用电吸附技术,设计处理量8000m^3／d,脱盐率大于50％,产水率大于75％,吨水处理成本1．35元。     

矿山坠井事故的原因及预防措施的探讨

对矿山坠井事故进行故障树分析,找出了矿山坠井事故发生的原因,提出了在溜矿井口使用安全挡墙、活动安全门和安全警示灯等防护措施,取得了良好效果。     

试论建立矿山安全生产长效机制

当前,我国正处在经济发展的转型期,出现了多种经济成份的组织形式。在一些企业,特别是矿山生产企业,重生产、轻生命,重利益、轻安全的现象十分严重。笔者首先对矿山安全生产的规律特点、现状进行了认真分析;指出目前存在着安全生产责任不落实,矿山开采秩序混乱,惩治力度不大,安全第一思想树的不牢,安全监管力量薄弱等问题。进而分析了建立矿山安全生产长效机制的可行性,指出以人为本的科学发展观的确立,政府的重视,职工维权意识的增强为建立安全生产长效机制奠定了基础。阐述了安全生产长效机制的概念,确立了“三大机制”作为安全生产长效机制的核心内容,并对此进行了详细地论述。     

龙首矿采场通风方案的研究

简介了龙首矿井的通风系统,通过十年的通风实践和调整,实现了机械化采场通风方案,同时,研讨了下向胶结充填采矿法采场的通风机理,并给以论证。     

An automatic approach for the control of the airflow volume and concentrations of hazardous gases in coal mine galleries

Intelligently controlling ventilation networks after an abnormal air branch is difficult. The key variable-frequency mine ventilator control factors that are used to correct this phenomenon were discussed. To improve the fitting accuracy of the mine ventilator characteristic curves, a database of characteristic curves for mine ventilators operating at different frequencies was established using the interpolation method for optimizing uniform approximations by Chebyshev. The concept of frequency sensitivity analysis by analyzing the sensitive branch in the ventilation network was proposed. The linear function between the mine ventilator working frequency and branch wind quantity was fitted out by experiments. A model based on Tikhonov regularization measured the branch wind quantity to calculate the wind resistance in the ventilation network, which yielded a unique branch resistance model solution. The mine air was monitored by calculating the variable wind resistance from the branch wind quantity. The sensitive branch coupling in the mine ventilator variable-frequency controlled ventilation was analyzed and combined with the control theory for ventilation networks. Two types of variable frequency were controlled to adjust the branch wind quantity, the frequency-concentration (f-w) servo control method and the curve search method. The experimental model was established for the Da Liu-ta coal mine ventilation system using the mine ventilator variable-frequency system controller to adjust the branch wind quantity. Because gas is explosive, CO₂ was used instead of gas for this experiment. The results indicate that the mine ventilator variable-frequency control automatically adjusted the branch wind quantity, which strictly followed the frequency-concentration servo control method and curve search method. Increasing the CO₂ concentration caused the mine ventilator variable-frequency controller to increase the branch wind quantity automatically to maintain the CO₂ concentration under the threshold value. The experimental results also demonstrated both the practicability of variable-frequency regulation for air branch systems and the feasibility of the branch quantity adjusted theory. Theoretical guidance for adjusting the ventilation branch quantity for a variable-frequency mine ventilator was provided.     

广西南丹玉兰汞矿周边土壤-霸王草系统汞含量分布及污染研究

本文通过对玉兰汞矿及其周边地区土壤和植物(霸王草)汞含量分布及污染的调查和研究,旨在了解土壤和霸王草中的汞污染状况以及汞在土壤-霸王草系统中的迁移转化规律,进而为汞污染防治与修复提供科学依据。本次研究共采集土壤样315件和植物样(霸王草)150件。全部土壤和植物样品采用MDS-2003F型压力自控密闭微波溶样系统消解,并用原子荧光测汞仪进行分析测定。结果表明,坑口片区土壤汞含量为1.362 1±1.227 6μg/g,拉莫片区土壤汞含量为0.742 8±0.717μg/g,周边地区土壤汞含量为0.346 4±0.031 3μg/g,分别为我国一些地区土壤汞自然含量(0.071μg/g)的19.18、10.46、4.88倍。土壤汞含量随远离矿区中部向东西两侧依次降低。植物汞含量分布与土壤汞含量分布基本相似。植物根汞、叶汞与土壤汞相关性为r=0.547和r=0.179,均大于临界值r=0.159(取信度α=5%),植物不同部分汞含量表现为根叶茎。上述特点表明土壤汞是植物汞的主要来源。本次采集工作中55%的土壤样汞含量超过了我国《土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-2008)》第二级标准的对应限值(汞≤0.35μg/g),坑口片区以及北部拉莫片区土壤汞污染较严重,污染范围为2km2。植物根汞对土壤汞的富集系数为3%,土壤汞形态分析显示土壤中的可吸收态汞含量低。植物茎/根和叶/根转运系数较高,为36.62%、65.91%,表明植物根部吸收的有效态汞较多地被转运到茎叶上。     

煤层瓦斯压力探测新技术在寺河煤矿瓦斯防治中的应用

寺河矿属于高瓦斯矿井,是煤层气综合开发的主要矿井之一,其煤层气开发主要分两部分,即地面煤层气井抽采与井下煤层钻孔抽采.抽采环节中对煤矿瓦斯的防治是煤矿安全生产的重要前提.本文探讨了煤层瓦斯压力探测新技术--煤层瓦斯原位探测仪在该煤矿瓦斯防治中的具体运用,该探测技术可以高效地检验瓦斯抽放效果,从而为预防瓦斯突出提供科学依...     

Decision making with option pricing and dynamic programming: development and application

In this study, an option pricing model and a dynamic programming model are developed. These models contribute to the improvement of the decision making process in two respects. First, these models allow for the own growth rate of mining costs to be incorporated into the analysis. Second, these models are developed to estimate the satisfactory gross revenue for investing, so that these models are helpful in analyzing multi-metal mines.The two models are applied to estimate the satisfactory revenue for investing in the Carlin east gold mine, Nevada, USA. The satisfactory revenue estimated by the option pricing model is found to be $42.2M, while that estimated by the dynamic programming model is found to be $44.4M. Since the revenue calculated on the basis of the current conditions is $36M, then the decision by option pricing and dynamic programming is to wait and not to invest now. Despite the difference between the two models in estimating and applying the discount rate, the two models generate the same decision.     

Using Mediterranean shrubs for the phytoremediation of a soil impacted by pyritic wastes in Southern Spain: a field experiment

Re-vegetation is the main aim of ecological restoration projects, and in Mediterranean environments native plants are desirable to achieve successful restoration. In 1998, the burst of a tailings dam flooded the Guadiamar river valley downstream from Aznalcóllar (Southern Spain) with sludges that contained elevated concentrations of metals and metalloids, polluting soils and waters. A phytoremediation experiment to assess the potential use of native shrub species for the restoration of soils affected by the spillage was performed from 2005 to 2007, with soils divided into two groups: pH < 5 and pH > 5. Four native shrubs (Myrtus communis, Retama sphaerocarpa, Rosmarinus officinalis and Tamarix gallica) were planted and left to grow without intervention. Trace element concentrations in soils and plants, their extractability in soils, transfer factors and plant survival were used to identify the most-interesting species for phytoremediation. Total As was higher in soils with pH < 5. Ammonium sulphate-extractable zinc, copper, cadmium and aluminium concentrations were higher in very-acid soils, but arsenic was extracted more efficiently when soil pH was >5. Unlike As, which was either fixed by Fe oxides or retained as sulphide, the extractable metals showed significant relationships with the corresponding total soil metal concentration and inverse relationships with soil pH. T. gallica, R. officinalis and R. sphaerocarpa survived better in soils with pH > 5, while M. communis had better survival at pH < 5. R. sphaerocarpa showed the highest survival (30%) in all soils. Trace element transfer from soil to harvestable parts was low for all species and elements, and some species may have been able to decrease trace element availability in the soil. Our results suggest that R. sphaerocarpa is an adequate plant species for phytostabilising these soils, although more research is needed to address the self-sustainability of this remediation technique and the associated environmental changes.