Reference gene validation for quantification of gene expression during final oocyte maturation induced by diethylstilbestrol and di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate in common carp

Final oocyte maturation is the key step to successful spawning and fertilization.Quantitative real-time PCR(q PCR) is the technique of election to quantify the abundance of functional genes in such study. Reference gene is essential for correct interpretation of q PCR data. However, an ideal universal reference gene that is stable under all experimental circumstances has not been described. Researchers should validate their reference genes while performing q PCR analysis. The expression of 6 candidate reference genes: 18 s r RNA,28 s r RNA, Cathepsin Z, Elongation factor 1-α, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase andβ-actin were investigated during final oocyte maturation induced by different compounds(DES and DEHP) in common carp(Cyprinus carpio). Four softwares(Bestkeeper, ge Norm,Norm Finder and Ref Finder) were used to screen the most stable gene in order to evaluate their expression stability. The results revealed that EF1α was highly stable expressed when final oocyte maturation was induced by DES, while gapdh was the most stable gene when final oocyte maturation was induced by DEHP. Stable expressed reference gene selection is critical for all q PCR analysis to get accurate target gene m RNA expression information.     

填料型A2/O工艺污水处理及反硝化除磷效能

填料型A~2/O工艺是在A~2/O工艺的基础上通过向厌氧池、缺氧池、好氧池中投加醛化纤维式组合填料,将传统活性污泥法与生物膜法相结合组成一套脱氮除磷的新系统,文章对填料型A~2/O工艺与传统A~2/O工艺处理生活污水的效果进行了对比研究,以及对该复合式工艺在不同硝化液回流比下反硝化除磷能力进行了分析.研究结果表明,相同条件下,填料型A~2/O工艺对生活污水的处理效果要优于传统A~2/O工艺,分别使COD和氨氮的去除率达到92.5%和93.1%.试验通过增加硝化液回流比的措施使得反硝化聚磷菌在填料上富集程度增大,当硝化液回流比为300%时,缺氧池的NO-3-N浓度为3.03 mg·L~(-1),吸磷量最大为26.28 mg·L~(-1),胞内聚合物PHB代谢活性最好,利用率最高为1.32 g·g~(-1)·L~(-1).体现了填料型A~2/O工艺具有显著的反硝化除磷效果.     

兰州市工业能源碳排放强度及效应研究

运用容量耦合拓展模型对兰州市2003—2013年环境系统耦合度进行评价,通过核算兰州市2003—2013年各年工业碳排放量,分析了4类工业碳排放强度变化特征,并运用LMDI模型对碳排放效应进行了多维度分解.结果表明,兰州市环境系统总体质量水平较低,环境状态指数和环境耦合度指数较低;兰州市工业碳排放总量逐年递增,碳排放与工业增加值、GDP、人口数量和城市建成区面积等呈显著正相关关系;原煤、原油、焦炭和天然气是兰州市的主要碳源,人均碳强呈显著增长态势,而工业碳强、GDP碳强、地均碳强均呈下降趋势;能源结构效应和人口规模效应在低位值附近波动变化,而能源强度效应和人均经济效应均在高位值附近波动,且后两项指标累积效应显著大于前两项指标,总体发挥正向碳增长效应.     

Mechanism of Deca-BDE-induced apoptosis in Neuro-2a cells: Role of death-receptor pathway and reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial pathway

Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) is a prevalent polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congener known to have neurotoxicity. Effects of BDE-209 on Neuro-2a cells were performed in the present study and the possible apoptotic pathway was discussed. Results indicated that BDE-209 induced Neuro-2a cell apoptosis, increased the protein expression of Fas and Fas-associated death domain-containing protein (FADD) and activated the caspase-8 and -3 activities in a concentration-dependent manner, inferring the death-receptor pathway was involved in the apoptotic process. Meanwhile, BDE-209 exposure increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and decreased the cellular mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) which led to cytochrome C released to the cytoplasm. The intracellular caspase-9 was elevated simultaneously, which caused downstream caspase cascade and triggered cell apoptosis. Moreover, BDE-209 exposure increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in a concentration-dependent manner and the addition of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), known as ROS scavengers, obviously reduced the apoptotic rate and a positive relationship was observed between the degree of apoptosis blocking and the loss of MMP and ROS production. We thus concluded that BDE-209 induced Neuro-2a cell apoptosis via the combination of the death-receptor signaling pathway and the mitochondrial signaling pathway. The elevated ROS production was considered to magnify the intracellular apoptosis signal and played a crucial role in apoptosis of Neuro-2a cells induced by BDE-209.     

Using a novel adsorbent macrocyclic compound cucurbit[8]uril for Pb removal from aqueous solution

In this study, cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) was utilized as a kind of new adsorbent to remove Pb^2 + ions from aqueous solution. With the solution pH increased from 2 to 6, the removal efficiency of adsorption increased from 55.6% to 74.5%correspondingly. The uptake of Pb^2 + increased rapidly in the initial 30 min, and then the adsorption rate became slower. The Pseudo-second order model could be used to interpret the adsorption kinetics satisfactorily; and the rate determining step in Pb^2 + adsorption onto CB[8] was the external mass transfer step. Equilibrium isotherm study reveals that the Langmuir model gave a better fitting result than Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated by the Langmuir model was 152.67 mg/g for 298 K, 149.70 mg/g for 313 K and 136.42 mg/g for 323 K, respectively. The adsorption is a spontaneous process of exothermic nature. The effect of the adsorbent dosage and the influences of solution pH and co-existing cations were also investigated. The CB[8] was synthesized and characterized by ¹H NMR, IR, ESI-MS spectra, SEM-EDAX, Zeta-potential and BET-analysis. The adsorption mechanism was due to the coordination between CB[8] molecule and Pb^2 + ions.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测甲醛暴露产生的两种DNA加合物

针对两种甲醛-DNA加合物,N~6-羟甲基腺嘌呤(N~6-HOMe-d A)和N2-羟甲基鸟嘌呤(N_2-HOMe-d G),本实验室建立了基于液相色谱串联质谱的分析方法,以便从DNA分子水平上探讨甲醛暴露对DNA的损伤作用机理,其中[~(15)N_5]N~6-Me-d A和[~(13)C_(10)~(15)N_5]N_2-Me-d G为内标;液相分离所用色谱柱为Thermo Polar Advantage II C_(18);方法的精密度较好(RSD5%)、灵敏度较高(检出限分别为0.014和0.0064 ng·m L~(-1))、回收率良好(94.9%~111%).后用小牛胸腺DNA进行体外染毒实验,设置甲醛染毒的浓度梯度(0.001,0.01,0.05,0.1,0.5和1 mmol·L~(-1))和染毒时间组(0、2、4、8、12、16、24 h),利用建立的LC-MS/MS方法检测了DNA中N~6-HOMe-d A和N_2-HOMe-d G的含量.结果表明,两种甲醛-DNA加合物N~6-HOMe-d A和N2-HOMe-d G的量与甲醛暴露存在剂量-反应和时间-反应关系.     

航空器碳排放扩散模型研究及减碳效果分析

探索、研究有效的机场减碳方法,对我国民用机场的绿色可持续发展、改善机场周边大气环境等具有十分重要的现实意义和长远意义。文章首先分析机场内碳排放源头,研究根据机场内碳排放污染物的特点,结合高斯高价连续点源扩散模式,推导分析航空器在近地面的扩散公式;其次采用不同的下滑角在3°下滑角和4°下滑角下,比较分析碳排放当量值和一氧化碳扩散分布情况并分析整体碳排放量变化趋势,研究监测点或敏感点浓度值等值线分布特点、占标率变化和影响范围等指标,分析浓度值对周边社区居民的影响程度;计算结果表明,增大下滑角可以有效地减少碳排放量。     

黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）对Pb2+的吸附特性研究

以黑曲霉菌丝体作为吸附剂,通过静态吸附实验研究了各种因素对其吸附去除废水中Pb2+的影响。结果表明：当Pb2+初始浓度为50 mg/L,吸附剂用量为1．0 g/L,吸附时间为45 min,pH为5．0时,吸附效果最佳。此时吸附量为44．1 mg/g,去除率为90．86%。使用准二阶动力学方程可较好的拟合黑曲霉对Pb2+的吸附,表明该吸附过程以化学吸附为主。等温吸附过程可用Freundlich方程描述,说明该吸附为多分子层吸附。傅立叶红外光谱分析表明,黑曲霉吸附剂表面的酯羰基(-COO-)、羧基(-COOH )和羟基(-OH )在吸附Pb2+的过程中发挥主要作用。     

Local governance of greenhouse gas emissions from air travel

Global greenhouse gas emissions from air travel (GHG-A) are on the rise, and projections point towards a rapid growth in the coming decades. This study aims to examine how local government (cities), addresses GHG-A in their Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAP). To fulfil this aim, over 200 SEAPs were analysed focusing on three issues: (1) Treatment of GHG-A in local emissions inventories; (2) Policy initiatives within this domain; and (3) The cities’ perceptions of the conflicts of interests. Results showed that more than half of the cities acknowledge the challenge of GHG-A, around one third include GHG-A in their emissions inventories, and more than one quarter have initiated policy interventions. To categorise these interventions, we have added a mode ‘governing by agenda setting’ to an existing analytical framework, ‘Modes of governing’. With their authority limited to the local setting, this mode of governing is a common channel for cities to push changes at higher levels.     

基于半参数面板数据模型的江苏省经济增长与水污染排放关系实证研究

本文以江苏省为研究区域,采用1990—2013年江苏省市级面板数据,基于单位根检验和面板协整检验,运用可拓展的随机性环境影响评估模型(STIRPAT)和参数、半参数固定效应回归方法,对经济增长与工业COD排放之间的关系展开研究。研究发现,江苏省经济增长与工业COD排放之间存在倒U形曲线关系,即全省工业COD排放随经济的发展呈现先增长后降低的趋势,同时人口增长对水污染物排放影响很大,二者之间的环境库兹涅茨曲线表明了经济持续发展能够协调并能解决其与水污染排放之间的困境。本研究丰富了社会经济发展与水污染关系在市级尺度层面的实证研究,为"十三五"期间江苏省水污染治理提供了政策依据。