人群密度对人群拥挤事故的影响

为了研究公共场所的人群密度与拥挤事故的发生概率.基于连续人群流动模型,从人群密度角度探讨了人群拥挤事故发生的机理.由于不同民族个体生理尺寸的差异,人群最大忍受密度不同,以此作为判断人群拥挤事故的标准,并结合我国情况提出我国人群最大忍受密度为9人/m2.最后模拟了某个拥挤事故场景,用该模型对其进行拥挤事故分析.结果表明,连续人群流动模型可以用于预测拥挤事故的发生,对预防和控制人群拥挤事故具有一定的指导意义.     

基于HYSPLIT4模式的天水市颗粒物输送路径

首先利用后向轨迹模式(HYSPLIT)模拟了天水市2017～2019年冬季后向轨迹,分析了50,200,500和1000m 4个不同高度以及500m高度不同聚类数量对路径输送聚类统计结果的影响,并以500m高度四个季节的后向轨迹进行聚类分析,进一步运用权重潜在源贡献分析法(WPSCF),探讨了研究期间天水市细颗粒物的潜...     

应急管理地理信息系统设计及实现

介绍了面向石油化工企业的应急管理地理信息系统的功能设计及实现,利用遥感影像配合矢量图实现地理信息支撑平台,满足企业日常安全管理和应急响应过程中地图浏览、查询定位、空间分析、事故影响范围模拟计算及可视化展示、专题图及属性浏览、动态信息集成等功能需要。     

Constraining SWAT Calibration with Remotely Sensed Evapotranspiration Data

Historically, many watershed studies have been based on using the streamflow flux, typically from a single gauge at the basin's outlet, to support calibration. In this setting, there is great potential for equifinality of parameters during the optimization process, especially for parameters that are not directly related to streamflow. Therefore, some of the optimal parameter values achieved during the autocalibration process may be physically unrealistic. In recent decades a vast array of data from land surface models and remote sensing platforms can help to constrain hydrologic fluxes such as evapotranspiration (ET). While the spatial resolution of these ancillary datasets varies, the continuous spatial coverage of these gridded datasets provides flux measurements across the entire basin, in stark contrast to point‐based streamflow data. This study uses Global Land Evaporation: the Amsterdam Model data to constrain Soil and Water Assessment Tool parameter values associated with ET to a more physically realistic range. The study area is the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed, in southern Oklahoma. Traditional objective metrics such as the Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficients record no performance improvement after application of this method. However, there is a dramatic increase in the number of days with receding flow where simulations match observed streamflow.     

How to Constrain Multi‐Objective Calibrations of the SWAT Model Using Water Balance Components

Accurate discharge simulation is one of the most common objectives of hydrological modeling studies. However, a good simulation of discharge is not necessarily the result of a realistic simulation of hydrological processes within the catchment. We propose an evaluation framework that considers both discharge and water balance components as evaluation criteria for calibration of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). In this study, we integrated average annual values of surface runoff, groundwater flow, and evapotranspiration in the model evaluation procedure to constrain the selection of good model runs for the Little River Experimental Watershed in Georgia, United States. For evaluating water balance and discharge dynamics, the Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and percent bias (PBIAS) were used. In addition, the ratio of root mean square error and standard deviation of measured data (RSR) was calculated for individual segments of the flow duration curve to identify the best model runs in terms of discharge magnitude. Our results indicate that good statistics for discharge do not guarantee realistic simulations of individual water balance components. Therefore, we recommend constraining the ranges of water balance components to achieve a more realistic simulation of the entire hydrological system, even if tradeoffs between good statistics for discharge simulations and reasonable amounts of the water balance components are unavoidable. Editor's note : This paper is part of the featured series on SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges. See the February 2017 issue for the introduction and background to the series.     

基于自适应遗传小波神经网络的水质评价建模

水环境污染过程的非确定性和非线性,使得传统的水质评价方法存在局限性。为了提高水质评价的准确性,提出了一种基于改进小波神经网络(wavelet neural network,WNN)的水质评价模型。采用自适应遗传算法(adaptive genetic algorithm,AGA)对小波神经网络的初始权值进行优化,再通过小波神经网络算法对网络进行训练,最后对训练好的网络展开测试。仿真结果表明,自适应遗传算法和小波神经网络的结合提高了网络的训练效率,该方法可以用于水质评价建模,并且评价结果具有较高的精度和准确性。     

喷淋环栅式除尘脱硫反应器的数学模拟

研制了一种由内外圈构成的喷淋环栅式除尘脱硫反应装置,气、液两相在内外圈之间通向运动,紊流冲激环栅时接触传质。基于溶质渗透理论,提出了以内塔穿孔速率V,液气比L/G,吸收浆液pH值为参数的脱硫效率模型。对比某电厂工况条件下测得的一系列实验数据,显示出该模型与实际情况具有良好的一致性,表明该模型可以用来作为工程设计、最优化技术和推测工业数据的理论参考工具。     

疏水性超高交联吸附树脂对氯代烃蒸气的固定床吸附特性研究

采用固定床吸附法研究了三氯乙烯（TCE）、 1,2-二氯乙烷（DCE）和三氯甲烷（TCM）共3种氯代烃类蒸气在疏水性超高交联吸附树脂LC-1上的动态吸附行为.结果表明, TCE、 DCE和TCM蒸气的初始浓度、 气体流速和吸附温度均会影响动态吸附过程,随着初始浓度、 气体流速和吸附温度的增大,穿透时间变短,传质区长度增大,其中气体流速的影响最大;采用半经验数学模型Yoon-Nelson模型对吸附穿透实验数据进行拟合,拟合相关性系数R²≥0.994.     

环境管理过程中对锅炉型号的识别

通过对锅炉型号的简要介绍,提高对锅炉的认识,增强在污染源动态更新调查表的填报过程中锅炉技术指标的填报能力是十分必要的。     

膜生物反应器模型及其对模拟废水的处理

建立了基于ASM3模型的膜生物反应器数学模型,该模型由生物处理部分和膜过滤处理部分构成。使用MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真工具,实现膜生物反应器数学模型的计算机仿真。模型验证的结果表明,根据实际的水力、水质条件适当的选取模型中的参数值后,该模型可以较为准确地对膜生物反应器污水处理过程进行模拟和预测。膜生物反应器模型对于分析膜生物反应器内部的机理、过程以及膜生物反应器的设计和运行有一定的指导作用。