Fetal curarization for prenatal magnetic resonance imaging

Fetal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed at 33 weeks of gestation for investigation of a posterior fossa abnormality found at ultrasound screening. Fetal movements were abolished by vecuronium injected under ultrasound guidance into the umbilical vein. MR images showed atrophy of the left cerebellar lobe with cisternal dilatation. These were confirmed postnatally by CT scan.     

中国银行业与中国的碳金融发展

本文介绍了碳金融的定义以及中国构建完善碳金融体系的背景,指出我国的CDM市场虽然是全球最大的CDM市场,但碳金融还处于起步阶段,缺乏国际CERs定价权,CDM项目存在巨大的风险,这些问题亟需解决。中国的银行业作为中国金融机构的主要组成部分,在构建完善的碳金融市场上起到了十分关键的作用。分析了目前中国银行业参与碳金融的现状及存在的问题,提出了中央银行和中国商业银行介入碳金融的方法。中央银行应与商业银行相互配合使中国的碳金融市场尽快发展和完善。     

On the influence of faulting on small-scale soil-gas radon variability: a case study in the Iberian Uranium Province

In order to evaluate the influence of faulting on the variability of geogenic radon at detailed scale (1:2000), data on gamma ray fluxes, U and Th concentrations in rocks, radon in soil-gas and radon in groundwater were collected in three target areas on the Oliveira do Hospital region (Central Portugal). This region stands on the Iberian Uranium Province, and is dominantly composed of Hercynian granites and metasedimentary rocks of pre-Ordovician age, crosscut by faults with dominant strike N35°E, N55°E and N75°E. Radiometric anomalies are frequent, associated with faults of the referred systems and metasedimentary enclaves; the analytical data confirms that these anomalies are produced by local high uranium contents in rocks and fault-filling materials (n = 34, range 13-724 ppm), while other radiogenic elements are relatively constant (e.g. Th 4-30 ppm). Radon concentration in soil can be extremely high, up to 12,850 kBq m⁻³ (n = 215), with a large proportion of results above 100 kBq m⁻³. Unsurprisingly, groundwater also shows high radon concentrations, with observed values in the range 150-4850 Bq.L⁻¹ (n = 17). From the results it is concluded that metasedimentary enclaves, as well as faults, can accumulate uranium from circulating fluids, and as a consequence, strongly locally enhance geogenic radon potential. Due to this fact, for the purpose of land use planning in such uranium-enriched regions, very detailed geological mapping is needed to precisely recognize radon high risk areas. A correlation between radon concentration in soil or in groundwater and gamma ray fluxes was established pointing to the possible use of these fluxes as a first step in assessing geogenic radon potential, at least to geological setting similar to the study area.     

Analyzing the carbon dynamics of central European forests: comparison of Biome-BGC simulations with measurements

Biogeochemical models are often used for making projections of future carbon dynamics under scenarios of global change. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of the process-based biogeochemical model Biome-BGC for application in central European forests from the lowlands to upper treeline as a pre-requisite for environmental impact assessments. We analyzed model behavior along an altitudinal gradient across the alpine treeline, which provided insights on the sensitivity of simulated average carbon pools to changes in environmental factors. A second set of tests included medium-term (30 years) simulations of carbon fluxes, and a third set of tests focused on daily carbon and water fluxes. Model results were compared to aboveground biomass measurements, leaf area index recordings as well as net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and actual evapotranspiration (AET) measurements. The simulated medium-term forest growth agreed well with measured data. Also daily NEE fluxes were simulated adequately in most cases. Problems were detected when simulating ecosystems close to the upper timberline (overestimation of measured growth and pool sizes), and when simulating daily AET fluxes (overestimation of measured fluxes). The results showed that future applications of Biome-BGC could benefit much from an improvement of model algorithms (e.g., the Q₁₀ model for respiration) as well as from a detailed analysis of the ecological significance of crucial parameters (e.g., the canopy water interception coefficient).     

中亚地区粮食生产潜力及发展潜力分析——基于GAEZ方法

中亚地区因特殊的地理位置和高粮食生产能力,对维护世界粮食安全意义重大,发掘中亚地区粮食生产潜力有助于全球粮食危机缓解。采用GAEZ方法,结合联合国粮农组织数据库,定量分析了中亚地区5个国家、9种粮食作物的潜在单产及潜在面积,并通过控制粮食单产和生产面积的变化提出三种假设,测算出不同假设下中亚地区的粮食生产潜力、发展潜力和发展潜力幅度。结果表明：中亚地区的哈萨克斯坦粮食生产潜力和发展潜力大;小麦、大麦产量有较大提升空间,高粱、黑麦、谷子、燕麦、荞麦产量提升空间小且潜力集中在哈萨克斯坦,但高粱的发展潜力幅度很大。     

西昆仑山黄土1 Ma 以来的粒度变化特征及其古气候意义

塔里木盆地南缘保存有中国西北地区厚度最大的黄土,是详细研究亚洲内陆极端干旱区以及塔克拉玛干沙漠形成演化的理想材料。但是,目前对该地区黄土堆积粒度特征系统的研究还相对较少,对粒度指标的古环境意义仍存有不同的认识。通过对207 m 黄土岩芯的粒度分析发现,西昆仑山黄土的粒度组成比较均一,分选较好,主要以粗颗粒物质为主,细颗粒含量极少,并具有典型的风成成因特征。此外,西昆仑山黄土粒度1 Ma 以来呈现出持续变粗的趋势。通过与其他气候指标的对比,这种变粗的趋势可能主要反映了中更新世以来亚洲内陆逐步增强的干旱化过程。     

中原城市群PM2.5浓度驱动因子联动效应及非线性影响

城市群是中国PM_2.5污染与防治的核心区.为探究中原城市群PM_2.5浓度驱动因子的作用机制,基于多源遥感数据和统计数据,采用空间自相关、参数最优地理探测器以及系统动态面板回归模型等方法,量化了PM_2.5浓度的驱动因子及因子间的联动效应,进一步分析了社会经济因素对PM_2.5浓度的非线性影响并给出相应的治霾建议.结果表明：①2012~2018年,中原城市群PM_2.5浓度下降程度存在空间分异,北部较南部地区污染减弱更为显著.②PM_2.5浓度高值聚集有从中原城市群北部向东部转移的趋势,而低值聚集情况相对稳定.③高程对PM_2.5浓度的解释力最强,因子间联动效应对PM_2.5污染的解释力均表现为增强,其中高程与降水交互后解释力最强.④人均GDP、人口密度、夜间灯光、外商直接投资和第二产业占比均与PM_2.5浓度之间存在非线性关系.结合中原城市群现状,加大污染治理投入、调整城市结构形态、加强基础设施建设、调整人口分布与产业结构、保持较高的城市活跃水平、设定严格的环境法规和引入高质量外商投资等有助于治理PM_2.5污染.     

城市集中供热联片取暖的效益分析与评价

在对大连市凌水地区实施集中供热前后的环境效益进行定性分析比较的基础上,应用环境经济学的费用效益分析方法,对集中供热的环境效益进行了效益定量化估算,结果表明:实行区域集中供热联片取暖10年后投资费效比为1∶3.3。     

Human Settlements on the Northern Shores of Lake Aral and Water Level Changes

The shore of Lake Aral in Kazakhstan is a perfect area for studying the human adaptation strategy to past climate changes. New archaeological material, gathered along the northern shores during the expedition of the INTAS project CLIMAN, is briefly presented. Changes in settlement activity during the Atlantic and Subboreal are related to lake level changes of the Aral Sea. A previ-ously proposed lake level maximum needs to be revised. In particular the lake level stand at 72/73 m, with an assumed age of 5000 BP is definitely refused. Based on the presented data the maximum lake level most probably never reached beyond 57/58 mean average sea level (masl). Furthermore the regression during the 15^th–16^th centuries has been underestimated. It may have been lower than the present day level. Thus the present desiccation of the Aral Sea is historically not unique, as a similar regression, probably induced by man as well, has occurred at least once during history. A readjustment of the water level is, therefore, possible at any time.     

滇中高原公路沿线植被特征分析及其恢复刍议——以昆明周边3条公路为例

选取滇中高原面上具有典型代表意义的3条公路,就其沿线的植被覆盖状况展开实地调查,对其主要植被类型进行分析,归纳得出滇中高原公路沿线植被基本特性,并对该地区有关公路沿线生态恢复建设提出浅显的认识与刍议,为促使云南高原山地公路沿线植被能尽可能地发挥其生态和社会经济功能提供思路。