中国煤矿灾害现状与减灾对策分析

以大量的数据资料，全面系统地分析了煤矿灾害的现状与致灾特点，提出了煤矿防灾减灾对策。     

模拟煤灰渣垂直潜流人工湿地的除磷性能分析

为确定煤灰渣作为垂直潜流人工湿地基质的可行性,通过静态吸附实验和煤灰渣去除生活污水中的磷素实验,表明煤灰渣对污水中磷素的吸附平衡时间较短,吸附速率较快.当温度降低时,煤灰渣的磷素吸附容量对吸附平衡浓度依赖性和吸附强度随之降低,最大理论吸附容量亦降低 83.10% .在处理0.5 m 3 /(m2·d)的生活污水中,煤灰渣对TP的平均去除率达86.03%,吸附方式包括物理吸附和化学吸附,同时得出煤灰渣最大磷素解析量占最大理论吸附容量的0.73%,在实际人工湿地应用中应注意磷素解析而形成的二次污染.     

离子选择性电极测定煤中氟浓度方法及影响因素分析

采用高温碱熔离子选择性电极法测量烟煤及石煤中氟化物浓度,对测量过程中的影响因素进行了分析,并对溶液的ｐＨ值及温度的影响进行了试验研究,结果表明该测量方法准确度较高,误差小,测量方便快速,实用性强,可作为煤及其它矿物质中氟含量测量的一种有效方法     

三峡库区燃煤,土壤和水库底泥中含汞量分布特征

详细研究了长江三峡库区燃煤，土壤和沉积物中汞的分布特征，以及湖泊沉积物中不同形态汞的含量，探讨了水库汞污染加重原因。     

Influence of soil-applied coal combustion by-products on growth and elemental composition of annual ryegrass

The total annual production of coal combustion by-products in the USA is expected to exceed 150 million Mg by the year 2000. Agricultural utilisation may offer a partial solution to disposal problems, but the benefits and risks associated with using these materials must be assessed. Four coal combustion by-products, bed ash (BA) and fly ash (FA) from a fluidised-bed combustion furnace and stabilised scrubber sludge (SS) and a high gypsum content by-product (G) from flue gas desulphurisation processes were added to two soils at rates of 0, 20, 40 and 80 g kg-1. The growth and elemental composition of Gulf annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) were evaluated in the treated soils. Adding FA, SS and G to both soils at application rates of up to 80 g kg-1 was not detrimental to the growth of ryegrass and resulted in higher yields than controls in some instances. Adding BA created a high alkalinity, high soluble-salt environment that initially inhibited seedling germination and significantly reduced (p<0.05) yields of dry matter, so it will probably need to be restricted to rates of lime requirement. Ryegrass concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr were similar in control and treated soils, but levels of B, Se, As and Mo were raised in treatments. Based on low trace-element concentrations in ryegrass shoots and in soil solution, Se from FA application may be the only potential food-chain risk associated with application of the four coal combustion by-products used in this investigation.     

装饰材料所致的室内空气污染

对商业、工业、住宅等不同功能区和不同室内燃料的厨房、卧室、教室等室内房间，作了空气中甲醛的本底值调查。调查表明，甲醛浓度范围为０．０００７－０．０１２５ｍｇ／ｍ＾３。对１５户普通家庭装潢户的调查表明，经装潢后１年以上测得的甲醛，总烃、苯、甲苯平均浓度分别为０．０２、０．５０、０．７６、１．２５ｍｇ／ｍ＾３。氯乙烯、苯乙烯未测出。其中甲醛平均浓度高出本底值２０倍，为前苏联建议的日平均浓度的１．６倍。     

粉煤灰的有效利用

介绍了我国粉煤灰利用状况及政策，结合实例分析了粉煤灰的有效利用和清洁生产对促进粉煤灰有效利用的作用。     

兖州矿区煤烟型污染的控制及其技术优化

本文通过对兖州矿区大气污染源的调查,分析了矿区煤烟型污染的治理现状、控制技术和效果及存在的问题。结合矿区实际,对煤烟型污染的治理和控制技术的优化作了探讨。     

Emission control strategies of hazardous trace elements from coal-fired power plants in China

China's energy dependents on coal due to the abundance and low cost of coal. Coal provides a secure and stable energy source in China. Over-dependence on coal results in the emission of Hazardous Trace Elements (HTEs) including selenium (Se), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), etc., from Coal-Fired Power Plants (CFPPs), which are the major toxic air pollutants causing widespread concern. For this reason, it is essential to provide a succinct analysis of the main HTEs emission control techniques while concurrently identifying the research prospects framework and specifying future research directions. The study herein reviews various techniques applied in China for the selected HTEs emission control, including the technical, institutional, policy, and regulatory aspects. The specific areas covered in this study include health effects, future coal production and consumption, the current situation of HTEs in Chinese coal, the chemistry of selected HTEs, control techniques, policies, and action plans safeguarding the emission control. The review emphasizes the fact that China must establish and promote efficient and clean ways to utilize coal in order to realize sustainable development. The principal conclusion is that cleaning coal technologies and fuel substitution should be great potential HTEs control technologies in China. Future research should focus on the simultaneous removal of HTEs, PM, SOx, and NOx in the complex flue gas.     

煤氧化特性与影响因素实验研究

为分析自热临界温度和采空区漏风风速对煤自燃的影响,在常温(30℃)、中温(60℃)、不同通气量等条件下对滕东煤矿3下煤层煤样进行了煤炭自燃氧化规律实验。结果表明:煤样在60℃氧化所放出的CO量较30℃时高3.4~4.1倍,煤炭氧化速率上升梯度约1.35 ppm/℃;在恒温变通气量条件下,CO气体浓度呈现先减小后稳定的趋势,CO的释放量随通气量的增大而减小;在通气量为50 mL/min(采空区漏风为0.1 m/min)的条件下,煤氧化释放的CO量最大且煤氧化能力最强,应加强最易发生自燃漏风区域的密封防护。